Mitigating Wheat Yield Loss in Acid Soils

CSA News ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-28
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Acid Soils

Effects of delaying chemical fallowing in pasture rotations on pasture quality and wheat yield in the Victorian Wimmera

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ O'Leary ◽  
RM Binns ◽  
TR Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
The Third ◽  
Pasture Quality ◽  
Chemical Fallow ◽  
Conservation Method

The effects of delaying chemical fallowing in a pasture rotation on pasture quality and subsequent wheat yield were investigated at sites near Minyip and Charlton, Victoria, in 1983 and 1984. Three chemical fallows were commenced at different times and were compared with a conventionally cultivated fallow. The earliest chemical fallow was established, together with a conventional fallow, at the end of winter. The second chemical fallow commenced towards the end of the rapid spring growth period in mid-October (early hayfreezing), and the third in mid- November (late hayfreezing) on a grass-dominant pasture. The pasture in spring ranged from 51 to 72% digestible dry matter (DDM) but the quality declined to 42-50% DDM by the end of the fallow treatments in autumn at each site in both years. Weathering of the pasture over summer reduced it to roughage. In contrast to a conventional fallow, early hayfreezing of pasture reduced the yield of subsequent wheat crops at Minyip by 14% in 1984 and 26% in 1985. Late hayfreezing caused losses of around 35% in each year at Minyip. At Charlton yield losses were much lower with only 14% loss observed from late hayfreezing in 1985. Because the feed produced by hayfreezing was of very poor quality, hayfreezing cannot be recommended as a viable fodder conservation method as it could not adequately compensate for any yield loss.

The interaction between soil pH and phosphorus for wheat yield and the impact of lime-induced changes to soil aluminium and potassium

Soil Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig A. Scanlan ◽  
Ross F. Brennan ◽  
Mario F. D'Antuono ◽  
Gavin A. Sarre
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
The Impact

Interactions between soil pH and phosphorus (P) for plant growth have been widely reported; however, most studies have been based on pasture species, and the agronomic importance of this interaction for acid-tolerant wheat in soils with near-sufficient levels of fertility is unclear. We conducted field experiments with wheat at two sites with acid soils where lime treatments that had been applied in the 6 years preceding the experiments caused significant changes to soil pH, extractable aluminium (Al), soil nutrients and exchangeable cations. Soil pH(CaCl2) at 0–10cm was 4.7 without lime and 6.2 with lime at Merredin, and 4.7 without lime and 6.5 with lime at Wongan Hills. A significant lime×P interaction (P<0.05) for grain yield was observed at both sites. At Merredin, this interaction was negative, i.e. the combined effect of soil pH and P was less than their additive effect; the difference between the dose–response curves without lime and with lime was greatest at 0kgPha–1 and the curves converged at 32kgPha–1. At Wongan Hills, the interaction was positive (combined effect greater than the additive effect), and lime application reduced grain yield. The lime×P interactions observed are agronomically important because different fertiliser P levels were required to maximise grain yield. A lime-induced reduction in Al phytotoxicity was the dominant mechanism for this interaction at Merredin. The negative grain yield response to lime at Wongan Hills was attributed to a combination of marginal soil potassium (K) supply and lime-induced reduction in soil K availability.

Downy Brome (Bromus tectorum) Interference and Economic Thresholds in Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip W. Stahlman ◽  
Stephen D. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Bromus Tectorum ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Quadratic Equation ◽  
Downy Brome ◽  
Economic Threshold ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Economic Thresholds

Densities up to 100 downy brome m2were established in winter wheat in southeastern Wyoming and west-central Kansas to quantify wheat yield loss from downy brome interference and to approximate economic threshold levels. A quadratic equation best described wheat yield loss as a function of weed density when downy brome emerged within 14 days after wheat emergence. Densities of 24, 40, and 65 downy brome m2reduced wheat yield by 10, 15, and 20%, respectively. Wheat yield was not reduced when downy brome emerged 21 or more days later than wheat. Economic thresholds varied with changes in downy brome density, cost of control, wheat price, and potential wheat yield. In a greenhouse experiment, dry weight of 72-day-old wheat plants grown in association with downy brome was not affected by the distance between the weeds and wheat, whereas downy brome plant dry weight increased with increasing distance between the weeds and wheat.

Estimating yield losses in wheat resulting from infestation by doublegee (Emex australis)

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (70) ◽  
pp. 656 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Gilbey
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
Emex Australis ◽  
Percentage Yield

The effect of doublegee (Emex australis) density on wheat yield was studied in a field trial. Percentage yield reduction (y) was related to doublegee plants m-2 at 1 week (x1) and 8 weeks (x2) after seeding thus: y = 10.3 + 0.24 x1 r = 0.78*** y = 5.6 + 0.44 x2 r = 0.86*** showing that estimates of doublegee density could be used for forecasting crop yield losses before it is too late to spray. No further yield loss occurred when x1 was greater than 120 plants metre-2. Doublegee seedling mortality that occurred during the seven weeks between plant counts was strongly related to the initial counts (x1) thus: r = 0.88***.

Effects of summer and winter annual scentless chamomile (Matricaria perforata Mérat) interference on spring wheat yield

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 841-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Douglas ◽  
A. G. Thomas ◽  
D. P. Peschken ◽  
G. G. Bowes ◽  
D. A. Derksen
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Hyperbolic Model ◽  
Loss Parameter ◽  
Winter Annuals ◽  
Winter Annual ◽  
Experimental Plots

The influence of summer and winter annual scentless chamomile (Matricaria perforata Mérat) on the yield of spring wheat in Saskatchewan was determined. In experimental plots, spring wheat was seeded into barley stubble where summer and winter annual scentless chamomile had been established. A rectangular hyperbolic model was used to describe the relationship between wheat yield and the density of flowering scentless chamomile plants. Winter annuals caused more yield reduction than did summer annuals. Weather conditions appeared to have an influence on the effect of scentless chamomile on spring wheat yield. The same model was fitted to sample data from farmers' fields and showed yield losses similar to those on the experimental plots. The rectangular hyperbolic model fitted the data best when high weed densities occurred. At densities more typical of those found in farm fields, the asymptotic yield loss parameter of the model was poorly estimated. Key words: Scentless chamomile, Matricaria perforata, yield loss, weed competition, rectangular hyperbola, spring wheat

Carrier Volume Affects Wheat Response to Simulated Glyphosate Drift

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Roider ◽  
James L. Griffin ◽  
Stephen A. Harrison ◽  
Curtis A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Usage Rate ◽  
Height Reduction ◽  
Herbicide Concentration ◽  
Glyphosate Drift ◽  
Carrier Volume

The influence of carrier volume was evaluated in field experiments for glyphosate applied to wheat at rates representing 12.5 and 6.3% of the usage rate of 1,120 g ai/ha (140 and 70 g/ha, respectively). Wheat at first node and at heading was exposed to glyphosate applied in a constant carrier volume of 234 L/ha, where herbicide concentration declined with reduction in dosage, and in proportional carrier volumes of 30 L/ha for the 12.5% rate and 15 L/ha for the 6.3% rate, where herbicide concentration remained constant. At 28 d after treatment, glyphosate applied at first node in proportional carrier volume (an average for 30 and 15 L/ha adjusted proportionally to glyphosate rate) reduced wheat height 42% compared with 15% when glyphosate was applied in 234 L/ha. Height reduction was no more than 15% when glyphosate was applied at heading in 234 L/ha or in the proportional carrier volumes and at first node in 234 L/ha. Wheat yield was reduced 42% when glyphosate at 140 g/ha was applied in 234 L/ha but was reduced 54% for the same rate applied in proportional carrier volume. For 70 g/ha glyphosate, wheat yield was reduced 11% when applied in 234 L/ha, but was reduced 42% when the same rate was applied in proportional carrier volume. Wheat yield reduction was equivalent when glyphosate was applied in 234 L/ha at first node and at heading (29 and 24%, respectively), but yield reductions of 60% for first node application and 36% for heading application were observed when glyphosate was applied in a proportional carrier volume. When averaged across carrier volumes and glyphosate rates, the greater yield loss from application at first node was attributed to decreased number of spikelets per spike and seed weight per spike.

Cattle manure and lime amendments to improve crop production of acidic soils in Northern Alberta

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joann K Whalen ◽  
Chi Chang ◽  
George W Clayton
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Available N ◽  
Micronutrient Uptake

Crop production on acid soils can be improved greatly by adjusting the pH to near neutrality. Although soil acidity is commonly corrected by liming, there is evidence that animal manure amendments can increase the pH of acid soils. Fresh cattle manure and agricultural lime were compared for their effects on soil acidity and the production of canola (Brassica napus L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a greenhouse study. Canola and wheat yield, the nutrient content of grain and straw, and selected soil properties were determined on a Gray Luvisol (pH 4.8) from the Peace Region of Alberta. Soil pH increased with lime and manure applications, and canola and wheat yields were higher in limed and manure-amended soils than unfertilized, unlimed soils. Macronutrient uptake by canola and wheat was generally improved by liming and manure applications, and micronutrient uptake was related to the effects of lime and manure on soil pH. An economic analysis compared the costs of using cattle manure and lime to increase soil pH to 6.0. The costs of applying lime and fresh cattle manure to increase soil pH were compared, based on the fees for purchasing and applying lime or loading, hauling and applying manure. The nutrient value of manure was calculated based on the quantities of plant-available N, P and K in fresh manure. At distances less than 40 km, it is economical to substitute fresh cattle manure for agricultural lime to increase soil pH of acidic soils. However, good manure management practices should be followed to minimize the risk of nutrient transport and environmental pollution from agricultural land amended with cattle manure. Key words: Agricultural economics, canola production, cattle manure, lime, soil pH, wheat prodution

Control of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in Winter Wheat

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron J. Hoskins ◽  
Bryan G. Young ◽  
Ronald F. Krausz ◽  
John S. Russin
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Foliar Symptoms

Field studies were established in 1999 and 2000 to evaluate Italian ryegrass, wheat, and double-crop soybean response to fall and spring postemergence applications of flucarbazone, sulfosulfuron, clodinafop, diclofop, and tralkoxydim applied alone and in combination with thifensulfuron + tribenuron to winter wheat. Fall-applied herbicides caused 5% or less wheat injury. Spring-applied herbicides caused 3 to 45% wheat injury, and the greatest injury occurred with the combination of flucarbazone with thifensulfuron + tribenuron in the spring of 2001. Spring-applied sulfosulfuron, tralkoxydim, diclofop, and clodinafop caused 3 to 6% and 16 to 26% wheat injury in 2000 and 2001, respectively. Herbicide injury to wheat did not reduce wheat grain yield compared with the hand-weeded treatment. Italian ryegrass competition in the nontreated plots reduced wheat yield by as much as 33% compared with herbicide-treated plots. Italian ryegrass control was 89 to 99% from clodinafop and diclofop and 78 to 97% from flucarbazone, with no differences because of application timing in either year of the study. Italian ryegrass control from sulfosulfuron and tralkoxydim was greater from the spring of 2000 applications (94 to 99%) compared with the fall of 1999 applications (65 to 88%). However, in 2001, application timing (fall vs. spring) for sulfosulfuron and tralkoxydim did not affect Italian ryegrass control. Thifensulfuron + tribenuron combined with tralkoxydim reduced control of Italian ryegrass control compared with tralkoxydim alone in both years of the study. Italian ryegrass control was not reduced when thifensulfuron + tribenuron was combined with sulfosulfuron, flucarbazone, diclofop, or clodinafop. Italian ryegrass was controlled effectively by the acetyl-CoA carboxylase–inhibiting herbicides diclofop, clodinafop, and tralkoxydim. However, control of Italian ryegrass with the acetolactate synthase–inhibiting herbicides flucarbazone and sulfosulfuron was inconsistent. Double-crop soybean after wheat did not have foliar symptoms or yield loss from fall- or spring-applied herbicides.

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