Patterning of the lateral ganglionic eminence by theGsh1 andGsh2 homeobox genes regulates striatal and olfactory bulb histogenesis and the growth of axons through the basal ganglia

2003 ◽  
Vol 461 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyuson Yun ◽  
Sonia Garel ◽  
Seth Fischman ◽  
John L.R. Rubenstein
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Homeobox Genes ◽  
Ganglionic Eminence ◽  
Lateral Ganglionic Eminence

Regionalization within the mammalian telencephalon is mediated by changes in responsiveness to Sonic Hedgehog

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (24) ◽  
pp. 5079-5089 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Kohtz ◽  
D.P. Baker ◽  
G. Corte ◽  
G. Fishell
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Ganglionic Eminence ◽  
Lateral Ganglionic Eminence ◽  
Expression Characteristic ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog Gene ◽  
Embryonic Structure ◽  
Sequential Induction

The cortex and basal ganglia are the major structures of the adult brain derived from the embryonic telencephalon. Two morphologically distinct regions of the basal ganglia are evident within the mature ventral telencephalon, the globus pallidus medially, and the striatum, which is positioned between the globus pallidus and the cortex. Deletion of the Sonic Hedgehog gene in mice indicates that this secreted signaling molecule is vital for the generation of both these ventral telencephalic regions. Previous experiments showed that Sonic Hedgehog induces differentiation of ventral neurons characteristic of the medial ganglionic eminence, the embryonic structure which gives rise to the globus pallidus. In this paper, we show that later in development, Sonic Hedgehog induces ventral neurons with patterns of gene expression characteristic of the lateral ganglionic eminence. This is the embryonic structure from which the striatum is derived. These results suggest that temporally regulated changes in Sonic Hedgehog responsiveness are integral in the sequential induction of basal telencephalic structures.

A role for Gsh1 in the developing striatum and olfactory bulb of Gsh2 mutant mice

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (23) ◽  
pp. 4769-4780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Håkan Toresson ◽  
Kenneth Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Bulb ◽  
Subventricular Zone ◽  
Ventricular Zone ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Mutant Mice ◽  
Ganglionic Eminence ◽  
Ventral Telencephalon ◽  
Molecular Identity ◽  
Lateral Ganglionic Eminence

We have examined the role of the two closely related homeobox genes Gsh1 and Gsh2, in the development of the striatum and the olfactory bulb. These two genes are expressed in a partially overlapping pattern by ventricular zone progenitors of the ventral telencephalon. Gsh2 is expressed in both of the ganglionic eminences while Gsh1 is largely confined to the medial ganglionic eminence. Previous studies have shown that Gsh2–/– embryos suffer from an early misspecification of precursors in the lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE) leading to disruptions in striatal and olfactory bulb development. This molecular misspecification is present only in early precursor cells while at later stages the molecular identity of these cells appears to be normalized. Concomitant with this normalization, Gsh1 expression is notably expanded in the Gsh2–/– LGE. While no obvious defects in striatal or olfactory bulb development were detected in Gsh1–/– embryos, Gsh1/2 double homozygous mutants displayed more severe disruptions than were observed in the Gsh2 mutant alone. Accordingly, the molecular identity of LGE precursors in the double mutant is considerably more perturbed than in Gsh2 single mutants. These findings, therefore, demonstrate an important role for Gsh1 in the development of the striatum and olfactory bulb of Gsh2 mutant mice. In addition, our data indicate a role for Gsh genes in controlling the size of the LGE precursor pools, since decreasing copies of Gsh2 and Gsh1 alleles results in a notable decrease in precursor cell number, particularly in the subventricular zone.

scholarly journals The homeobox gene Gsx2 controls the timing of oligodendroglial fate specification in mouse lateral ganglionic eminence progenitors

Development ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (11) ◽  
pp. 2289-2298 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Chapman ◽  
R. R. Waclaw ◽  
Z. Pei ◽  
M. Nakafuku ◽  
K. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Ganglionic Eminence ◽  
Fate Specification ◽  
Lateral Ganglionic Eminence

Addition of Lateral Ganglionic Eminence to Rat Mesencephalic Grafts Affects Fiber Outgrowth but Does not Enhance Function

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Emgard-Mattson ◽  
Jenny Karlsson ◽  
Naoyuki Nakao ◽  
Patrik Brundin
Keyword(s):  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Recovery Of Function ◽  
Rotational Behavior ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Medial Ganglionic Eminence ◽  
Ganglionic Eminence ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Lateral Ganglionic Eminence ◽  
Axonal Fiber ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine

Addition of embryonic striatal tissue, usually as a combination of the lateral and medial ganglionic eminences, to intrastriatal mesencephalic grafts has previously been reported to enhance recovery of drug-induced rotational behavior in the host and to modify axonal fiber outgrowth from the grafted dopaminergic neurons. This study investigated the effects of adding (cografting) either lateral or medial ganglionic eminence tissue to embryonic mesencephalic grafts implanted intrastriatally, in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. The cografts did not exhibit increased survival or cell size of dopaminergic neurons when compared to transplants of mesencephalic tissue alone. Neither did recipients of cografts exhibit any enhancement of graft-induced recovery of function, when tested for drug-induced rotational behavior or forelimb function in the staircase test. However, cografts containing lateral ganglionic eminence displayed patches of dense tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers within the graft tissue. These patches largely coincided with patches in adjacent stained sections, which were rich in immunostaining for the striatal-specific marker dopamine- and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein-32 (DARPP-32). Such patches were not present in rats receiving cografts containing medial ganglionic eminence or mesencephalic tissue alone. Thus, it seems that the grafted dopaminergic neurons preferentially grow into the areas of the transplants containing lateral ganglionic eminence tissue. In summary, the results suggest that embryonic lateral ganglionic eminence exerts trophic effects on the outgrowth of dopaminergic axons, but does not enhance the behavioral effects of grafted dopaminergic neurons.

Long-term survival of fetal porcine lateral ganglionic eminence cells in the hippocampus of rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 581-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas B. Jacoby ◽  
Charles Lindberg ◽  
Miles G. Cunningham ◽  
Judson Ratliff ◽  
Jonathan Dinsmore
Keyword(s):  
Ganglionic Eminence ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Lateral Ganglionic Eminence

scholarly journals Cytoarchitecture of the lateral ganglionic eminence and rostral extension of the lateral ventricle in the human fetal brain

2011 ◽  
Vol 519 (6) ◽  
pp. 1165-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Guerrero-Cázares ◽  
Oscar Gonzalez-Perez ◽  
Mario Soriano-Navarro ◽  
Grettel Zamora-Berridi ◽  
José Manuel García-Verdugo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Ganglionic Eminence ◽  
Human Fetal Brain ◽  
Lateral Ganglionic Eminence
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