Co-transplantation of Fetal Lateral Ganglionic Eminence and Ventral Mesencephalon Can Augment Function and Development of Intrastriatal Transplants

1997 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren C. Costantini ◽  
Abigail Snyder-Keller
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Mesencephalon ◽  
Ganglionic Eminence ◽  
Lateral Ganglionic Eminence

scholarly journals Fetal Lateral Ganglionic Eminence Attracts One of Two Morphologically Different Types of Tyrosine Hydroxylase-Positive Nerve Fibers Formed by Cultured Ventral Mesencephalon

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saga Johansson ◽  
Ingrid Strömberg
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Hydroxylase ◽  
Nerve Fiber ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Ventral Mesencephalon ◽  
Ganglionic Eminence ◽  
Lateral Ganglionic Eminence ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Second Wave

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of fetal lateral ganglionic eminence (LGE) on nerve fiber outgrowth formed by fetal ventral mesencephalon (VM). Organotypic tissue cultures of fetal VM and LGE plated as single or cocultures were employed. Survival time was 3–21 days in vitro. Nerve fiber outgrowth and migration of astrocytes were analyzed using immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and S100. In addition, cultures were labeled with the TUNEL technique and with antibodies directed against neurofilament (NF) in order to study apoptosis and retraction of nerve fibers, respectively. The results revealed two morphologically different types of TH-positive outgrowth growing into the substrate. The initially formed TH-positive outgrowth radiated continuously without changing direction, while a second wave of TH-positive outgrowth became obvious when the initial growth already had reached a distance of approximately 1000 μm. The second wave of TH-positive outgrowth radiated from the tissue, but at a certain distance changed direction and formed a network surrounding the culture. The initially formed TH-positive growth was not associated with the presence of S100-positive astrocytes and avoided to grow into the LGE. At longer time points the first wave of TH-positive nerve fibers appeared dotted, with disrupted NF-immunoreactive fibers and in most cultures these long distance growing fibers had disappeared at 21 days in vitro. The second wave of TH-positive nerve fibers was growing onto a layer of glia and never reached the distance of the first wave. LGE became innervated by TH-positive fibers at the time point for when the second wave of TH-positive growth had been initiated, and the innervation appeared in TH-dense patches that also showed a high density of S100-positive astrocytes. Significantly increased TUNEL activity within LGE portion of cocultures was observed when TH-positive fibers entered the LGE and formed patches. In conclusion, two morphologically different types of TH-positive outgrowth were found and the initially formed fibers neither targeted the LGE nor were they guided by glial cells, but their potential to grow for long distances was high.

Regionalization within the mammalian telencephalon is mediated by changes in responsiveness to Sonic Hedgehog

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (24) ◽  
pp. 5079-5089 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.D. Kohtz ◽  
D.P. Baker ◽  
G. Corte ◽  
G. Fishell
Keyword(s):  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Ganglionic Eminence ◽  
Lateral Ganglionic Eminence ◽  
Expression Characteristic ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog Gene ◽  
Embryonic Structure ◽  
Sequential Induction

The cortex and basal ganglia are the major structures of the adult brain derived from the embryonic telencephalon. Two morphologically distinct regions of the basal ganglia are evident within the mature ventral telencephalon, the globus pallidus medially, and the striatum, which is positioned between the globus pallidus and the cortex. Deletion of the Sonic Hedgehog gene in mice indicates that this secreted signaling molecule is vital for the generation of both these ventral telencephalic regions. Previous experiments showed that Sonic Hedgehog induces differentiation of ventral neurons characteristic of the medial ganglionic eminence, the embryonic structure which gives rise to the globus pallidus. In this paper, we show that later in development, Sonic Hedgehog induces ventral neurons with patterns of gene expression characteristic of the lateral ganglionic eminence. This is the embryonic structure from which the striatum is derived. These results suggest that temporally regulated changes in Sonic Hedgehog responsiveness are integral in the sequential induction of basal telencephalic structures.

scholarly journals The homeobox gene Gsx2 controls the timing of oligodendroglial fate specification in mouse lateral ganglionic eminence progenitors

Development ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (11) ◽  
pp. 2289-2298 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Chapman ◽  
R. R. Waclaw ◽  
Z. Pei ◽  
M. Nakafuku ◽  
K. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Ganglionic Eminence ◽  
Fate Specification ◽  
Lateral Ganglionic Eminence

Addition of Lateral Ganglionic Eminence to Rat Mesencephalic Grafts Affects Fiber Outgrowth but Does not Enhance Function

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia Emgard-Mattson ◽  
Jenny Karlsson ◽  
Naoyuki Nakao ◽  
Patrik Brundin
Keyword(s):  
Dopaminergic Neurons ◽  
Recovery Of Function ◽  
Rotational Behavior ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Medial Ganglionic Eminence ◽  
Ganglionic Eminence ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Lateral Ganglionic Eminence ◽  
Axonal Fiber ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine

Addition of embryonic striatal tissue, usually as a combination of the lateral and medial ganglionic eminences, to intrastriatal mesencephalic grafts has previously been reported to enhance recovery of drug-induced rotational behavior in the host and to modify axonal fiber outgrowth from the grafted dopaminergic neurons. This study investigated the effects of adding (cografting) either lateral or medial ganglionic eminence tissue to embryonic mesencephalic grafts implanted intrastriatally, in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions. The cografts did not exhibit increased survival or cell size of dopaminergic neurons when compared to transplants of mesencephalic tissue alone. Neither did recipients of cografts exhibit any enhancement of graft-induced recovery of function, when tested for drug-induced rotational behavior or forelimb function in the staircase test. However, cografts containing lateral ganglionic eminence displayed patches of dense tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive fibers within the graft tissue. These patches largely coincided with patches in adjacent stained sections, which were rich in immunostaining for the striatal-specific marker dopamine- and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein-32 (DARPP-32). Such patches were not present in rats receiving cografts containing medial ganglionic eminence or mesencephalic tissue alone. Thus, it seems that the grafted dopaminergic neurons preferentially grow into the areas of the transplants containing lateral ganglionic eminence tissue. In summary, the results suggest that embryonic lateral ganglionic eminence exerts trophic effects on the outgrowth of dopaminergic axons, but does not enhance the behavioral effects of grafted dopaminergic neurons.

Long-term survival of fetal porcine lateral ganglionic eminence cells in the hippocampus of rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 581-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas B. Jacoby ◽  
Charles Lindberg ◽  
Miles G. Cunningham ◽  
Judson Ratliff ◽  
Jonathan Dinsmore
Keyword(s):  
Ganglionic Eminence ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival ◽  
Lateral Ganglionic Eminence

scholarly journals Cytoarchitecture of the lateral ganglionic eminence and rostral extension of the lateral ventricle in the human fetal brain

2011 ◽  
Vol 519 (6) ◽  
pp. 1165-1180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Guerrero-Cázares ◽  
Oscar Gonzalez-Perez ◽  
Mario Soriano-Navarro ◽  
Grettel Zamora-Berridi ◽  
José Manuel García-Verdugo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Fetal Brain ◽  
Ganglionic Eminence ◽  
Human Fetal Brain ◽  
Lateral Ganglionic Eminence

scholarly journals The Gli3 Hypomorphic Mutation Pdn Causes Selective Impairment in the Growth, Patterning, and Axon Guidance Capability of the Lateral Ganglionic Eminence

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (41) ◽  
pp. 13883-13894 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Magnani ◽  
K. Hasenpusch-Theil ◽  
E. C. Jacobs ◽  
A. T. Campagnoni ◽  
D. J. Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axon Guidance ◽  
Ganglionic Eminence ◽  
Hypomorphic Mutation ◽  
Lateral Ganglionic Eminence ◽  
Selective Impairment

scholarly journals Quantitative approach to numbers and sizes: Generation of primary neurospheres from the dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence of late embryonic mice

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1983
Author(s):  
Christopher Blackwood
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Neural Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Stem Cell Biology ◽  
Ganglionic Eminence ◽  
Lateral Ganglionic Eminence ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Dissection Technique

Background: The neurosphere assay is a powerful tool to study neural stem cell biology. The objective of this protocol is to create a simple and rapid approach to generate neurospheres from the dorsal lateral ganglionic eminence of late embryonic (day 17) mice. This method predicts the average number of neurospheres and provides an approximation of its expected size after 7 days in vitro. Characterization of numbers and sizes will provide investigators with quantitative data to advise on the implementation of downstream applications, including immnocytochemistry, self-renewal and differentiation assays. Methods: Our method is based on a simple dissection technique, where tissue surrounding the dorsal lateral ventricle from a single mouse embryo is trimmed away to enrich for neural stem cell and progenitor populations. Following this dissection, tissue is mechanically dissociated by trituration. Cells are then cultured in media containing epidermal growth factor and other supplements to generate healthy primary neurospheres. Results: Using this approach, we found reproducible number of primary neurospheres after 7 days in vitro. Furthermore, we found this method yields different sizes of neurospheres. Lastly, using an anti-GFAP antibody, we confirm that these neurospheres can be used for immunocytochemistry studies. Conclusions: Future use of this protocol provides metrics on the generation of neurospheres that will be useful for further advances in the area of stem cell biology.

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