Substitution of barium hydroxide in the endothermic reaction by citric acid and sodium carbonate decahydrate

CHEMKON ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Joachim Kühmstedt
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Barium Hydroxide ◽  
Endothermic Reaction

scholarly journals Study on the Improvement of Essential Oil Quality and Its Repellent Activity of Betel Leaves Oil (Piper betle l.) from Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 2913-2926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dante Alighiri ◽  
Edy Cahyono ◽  
Willy Tirza Eden ◽  
Ersanghono Kusuma ◽  
Kasmadi Imam Supardi
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Main Component

The study to improve the quality of Indonesia betel leaves oil is done by treatment of citric acid and sodium carbonate. The treatment showed that the iron content and acid value were reduced optimally in the addition of 5% (w/w) citric acid (12 hours, 50oC) and 5% (w/w) sodium carbonate (9 hours, 50oC) yielded 0.45 mg/L of iron content and 1.00 mg/g of acid value, respectively. The main component of Indonesia betel leaves oil are 4-allyl phenylacetate. The descriptive sensory analysis showed that there were differences between betel leaves oil from Bogor compared with Boyolali and Makassar. There is a significant difference that the content of betel leaves oil from Bogor contains an isoeugenol compound of 20.71% while, Boyolali and Makassar contain eugenol of 17.02 and 19.21%, respectively. The study of the insect repellency indicated that Indonesia betel leaves oil potentially used as mosquito of Aedes aegypti repellent.

A comparative study of ultrasonic degumming of silk sericin using citric acid, sodium carbonate and papain

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wuchao Wang ◽  
Yi Pan ◽  
Kang Gong ◽  
Qi Zhou ◽  
Tonghua Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Silk Sericin

scholarly journals The Interaction of Ph, Tonicity, and Electrolyte Concentration on the Motility of Fowl Spermatozoa

1958 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
RG Wales ◽  
IG White
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Cent Sodium ◽  
Sodium Phosphates

The motility of fowl spermatozoa has been studied in vitro under various modifications of pH, osmotic pressure, and chemical composition of diluents. The glucose and sodium chloride content of the diluents has been varied to give tonicities ranging between that of 0�45 and 1�8 per cent. sodium chloride. Tliese diluents were buffered with citric acid-disodium phosphate, sodium phosphates, or sodium carbonate-bicarbonate mixtures which were equally innocuous.

scholarly journals Further Exploration of Sucrose–Citric Acid Adhesive: Investigation of Optimal Hot-Pressing Conditions for Plywood and Curing Behavior

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao ◽  
Sakai ◽  
Wu ◽  
Chen ◽  
Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Hot Pressing ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Endothermic Reaction ◽  
Spread Rate ◽  
Pressing Temperature ◽  
Pyrolysis Gas ◽  
Curing Behavior ◽  
Pressing Time

In previous research, sucrose and citric acid were used to synthesize an eco-friendlyplywood adhesive. Herein, further research was performed to determine the optimal hot-pressingconditions and curing behavior of a sucrose-citric acid (SC) adhesive. The results of dry and wetshear strength measurements showed that the optimal hot-pressing temperature, hot-pressing time,and spread rate of plywood samples bonded by the SC adhesive were 190 °C, 7 min, and 140 g/m2,respectively. When plywood was bonded at the optimal hot-pressing conditions, the wet shearstrength met the requirements of the China National Standard GB/T 9846-2015. Thermal analysisshowed that the thermal degradation and endothermic reaction temperatures of the SC 25/75adhesive were lower than either sucrose or citric acid individually. In addition, the insoluble massproportion increased with the heating temperature and time. The Pyrolysis Gas Chromatographyand Mass Spectrometr (Py-GC/MS) analysis confirmed that the SC adhesive was cured by thereaction between furan compounds, saccharide, and citric acid, and the resulting polymer appearedto be joined by ether linkages.

scholarly journals SELECTION OF STORAGE MEDIA FOR PIG A.I. — LABORATORY METHODS FOR REGULATING THE ACIDITY AND OSMOLARITY OF STORAGE MEDIA FOR BOAR SEMEN

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
T. I. DEDE ◽  
J. U. AKPOKODJE ◽  
P. I. ODILI
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Buffering Capacity ◽  
Citrate Buffer ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Storage Media ◽  
Unit Change ◽  
Boar Semen ◽  
Selection Of

Simple laboratory methods were used to estimate optimal levels of acidity and osmolarity of four storage media for the boar semen. It was observed that above pH 7.0, less citric acid was needed for a unit change in pH of the sodium-citrate buffer, while above pH 8.0, more sodium carbonate and citric acid were needed for a unit change in the final Sodium-citrate buffered extender (Na-C), indicating high buffering capacity of this medium. The Glucose-glycine buffered extender (G-G), also required more sodium carbonate for a unit change of pH at above pH 6.5, also Indicating high buffering capacity of this medium. This was the same situation with the Tris-buffered extender (Tris), while the response with the Tissue - culture buffer extender (YCN) was always linear, indicating poor buffering capacity of the medium.

scholarly journals Inactivation of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus by Citric Acid and Sodium Carbonate with Deicers

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (21) ◽  
pp. 7610-7614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jang-Kwan Hong ◽  
Kwang-Nyeong Lee ◽  
Su-Hwa You ◽  
Su-Mi Kim ◽  
Dongseob Tark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Ethyl Alcohol ◽  
Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Mouth Disease Virus ◽  
Foot And Mouth

ABSTRACTThree out of five outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) since 2010 in the Republic of Korea have occurred in the winter. At the freezing temperatures, it was impossible to spray disinfectant on the surfaces of vehicles, roads, and farm premises because the disinfectant would be frozen shortly after discharge and the surfaces of the roads or machines would become slippery in cold weather. In this study, we added chemical deicers (ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, ethyl alcohol, and commercial windshield washer fluid) to keep disinfectants (0.2% citric acid and 4% sodium carbonate) from freezing, and we tested their virucidal efficacies under simulated cold temperatures in a tube. The 0.2% citric acid could reduce the virus titer 4 logs at −20°C with all the deicers. On the other hand, 4% sodium carbonate showed little virucidal activity at −20°C within 30 min, although it resisted being frozen with the function of the deicers. In conclusion, for the winter season, we may recommend the use of citric acid (>0.2%) diluted in 30% ethyl alcohol or 25% sodium chloride solvent, depending on its purpose.

Coadministration of citric acid allows oxytetracycline dose reduction in yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata infected with Vibrio anguillarum

2020 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
K Akiyama ◽  
N Hirazawa ◽  
A Hatanaka
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Seriola Quinqueradiata ◽  
Poor Efficacy

Oxytetracycline (OTC) has been commonly used as an effective antibiotic against various fish bacterial diseases, including vibriosis. In this study, the absorption-enhancing effect of citric acid on oral OTC pharmacokinetics and treatment of artificial Vibrio anguillarum infection was evaluated in juvenile yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata followed by serum OTC concentration analysis. When 25 mg kg-1 body weight (BW) OTC was administered in combination with 1250 mg kg-1 BW citric acid, the serum OTC concentration reached almost the same concentration as that of the group treated with 50 mg kg-1 BW OTC. This coadministration successfully suppressed mortality due to vibriosis similar to the group treated with 50 mg kg-1 BW OTC. Conversely, poor efficacy was observed when only 25 mg kg-1 BW OTC was administered. These results suggest that coadministration of citric acid can be beneficial in reducing the dose of OTC needed for effective treatment, and thus contributes to the goal of reduced use of this antibiotic in aquaculture.

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