Influence of Substituents and Functional Groups on the Surface Composition of Ionic Liquids

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3954-3965 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Kolbeck ◽  
Inga Niedermaier ◽  
Alexey Deyko ◽  
Kevin R. J. Lovelock ◽  
Nicola Taccardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Influence Of Substituents

scholarly journals Back Cover: Influence of Substituents and Functional Groups on the Surface Composition of Ionic Liquids (Chem. Eur. J. 14/2014)

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 4172-4172
Author(s):  
Claudia Kolbeck ◽  
Inga Niedermaier ◽  
Alexey Deyko ◽  
Kevin R. J. Lovelock ◽  
Nicola Taccardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Back Cover ◽  
Influence Of Substituents

scholarly journals ADHESION OF PET/PSMA INTERFACES REINFORCED WITH PLASMA TREATMENT

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 265-271
Author(s):  
CHI-AN DAI ◽  
TAI-AN TSUI ◽  
YAO-YI CHENG
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Fracture Energy ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Plasma Treatment Time ◽  
Pet Film ◽  
Pet Films

The interface between biaxially oriented poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films and poly (styrene-co-maleic anhydride) (PSMA) was reinforced by nitrogen plasma treatment of PET film and subsequent annealing treatment of the PET/PSMA bi-material. The fracture toughness, Gc, of the interface was quantitatively measured using an asymmetric double cantilever beam test (ADCB). X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) was used to measure the change in the surface composition of PET films upon plasma treatment and correlate the fracture toughness of the interface. The fracture energy of PET/PSMA interface is significantly enhanced by annealing the plasma treated PET with PSMA at a temperature greater than the glass transition temperature of PSMA (~ 120°C). At an annealing temperature of 150°C, Gc increases with increasing plasma treatment time and reaches a plateau value of ~ 100–120 J/m2, a two order of magnitude increase in Gc compared with that of samples annealed at 130°C. The enhancement of the adhesion is resulted from the in-situ formation of copolymers due to reaction between amine functional groups from the plasma treatment and anhydride groups from PSMA. For plasma treatment time < 10 s, scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurement show that the fracture surface is relatively smooth indicating an interfacial failure between PET/PSMA. With increasing plasma treatment time and therefore increasing the amount of nitrogen functional groups on PET surface, large plastic deformation takes place at the PET/PSMA interface. For treatment time ≥ 100–150 s, the PET/PSMA interface becomes stronger than PET bulk material and consequently crack deviates from the interface and the failure occurs within the PET film. The interlayer fracture energy of a biaxially oriented PET film can thus be quantitatively measured with a Gc value of roughly 120 J/m2.

Use of synthesized hydrophilic magnetic nanoparticles (HMNPs) in forward osmosis for water reuse

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tripti Mishra ◽  
Sudipta Ramola ◽  
Anil Kumar Shankhwar ◽  
R. K. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
External Magnetic Field ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Forward Osmosis ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Metal Precursor

Forward osmosis (FO) is attracting worldwide attention as an emerging technology in the fields of power generation, water reuse, desalination, pharmaceuticals and food processing. Still, the critical challenge of finding a suitable draw solute for FO persists. Therefore the current research focuses on synthesizing hydrophilic magnetic nanoparticles (HMNPs) and systematically investigating their potential as draw solutes. HMNPs were synthesized using functional groups polyethylene glycol (PEG 400) and polyacrylic acid (PAA). These functional groups under different ratios with a metal precursor react by one-pot polyol and thermal decomposition methods respectively to give different diameter HMNPs. In addition the effect of different sizes of synthesized HMNPs was investigated for their recovery under an external magnetic field and reusability in FO performance. The physical properties and chemical compositions of the resultant MNPs are fully characterized. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses show the characteristics as spherical morphology with a narrow size distribution, and a mean size from 9 to 32.5 nm for PEG and 8 to 30 nm for PAA coated HMNPs depending on the ratio of the functional group and metal precursor. The PEG and PAA layer on the MNPs is confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrates a hydrophilic surface composition. The PEG and PAA coated HMNPs generate high osmotic pressures and exhibit good dispersibility in aqueous solutions. Water fluxes of &gt;13 L m−2 h−1 are achieved across Hydration Technologies Inc. flat sheet membranes at a concentration of 0.05 M of HMNPs using deionized water as the feed solution. The HMNPs can be easily recaptured from draw solutions by applying an external magnetic field and recycling them back as draw solute in the FO process. The MNPs remain active after nine runs of recycling but with a total water flux decrease of 5% in PEG and 3% with each successive recycling due to slight aggregation, and reduced surface to volume ratio is observed. Results of the present study have demonstrated that PEG and PAA coated HMNPs can viewed as promising and potential draw solutes in the FO process.

scholarly journals Conformational design concepts for anions in ionic liquids

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (25) ◽  
pp. 6405-6422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik Philippi ◽  
David Pugh ◽  
Daniel Rauber ◽  
Tom Welton ◽  
Patricia A. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
A Priori ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Design Concepts

Interchangeable functional groups for imide ions are investigated computationally, new ILs with low/high viscosity are designed a priori and experimentally characterised.

Insights into the surface composition and enrichment effects of ionic liquids and ionic liquid mixtures

2010 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1905 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Maier ◽  
T. Cremer ◽  
C. Kolbeck ◽  
K. R. J. Lovelock ◽  
N. Paape ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Liquid Mixtures

Influence of Different Anions on the Surface Composition of Ionic Liquids Studied Using ARXPS

2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (25) ◽  
pp. 8682-8688 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Kolbeck ◽  
T. Cremer ◽  
K. R. J. Lovelock ◽  
N. Paape ◽  
P. S. Schulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Surface Composition
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