scholarly journals Conformational design concepts for anions in ionic liquids

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (25) ◽  
pp. 6405-6422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederik Philippi ◽  
David Pugh ◽  
Daniel Rauber ◽  
Tom Welton ◽  
Patricia A. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
A Priori ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Design Concepts

Interchangeable functional groups for imide ions are investigated computationally, new ILs with low/high viscosity are designed a priori and experimentally characterised.

Experimental and numerical investigation of electrostatic spray liquid-liquid extraction with ionic liquids

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Krawczyk ◽  
Kamil Kamiński ◽  
Jerzy Petera
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Organic Mixture ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Electrostatic Spray

Experimental and numerical investigation of electrostatic spray liquid-liquid extraction with ionic liquids A new concept of an electrostatic spray column for liquid-liquid extraction was investigated. An important problem for separation processes is the presence of azeotropic or close-boiling mixtures in their production, for example heptane with ethanol, since the separation is impossible by ordinary distillation. The use of ionic liquids (IL) as a dispersed solvent specially engineered for any specific organic mixture in terms of selectivity is a key factor to successful separation. As IL present particularly attractive combination of favorable characteristics for the separation of heptane and ethanol, in this work we use 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methyl sulfate [BMIM][MeSO4]. Because of high viscosity and relatively high cost of IL a new technique was introduced, consisting in the electrostatically spray generation to enhance the mass transport between the phases. In order to optimally design the geometry of the contactor a series of numerical simulation was performed. Especially multi-nozzle variants for better exploitation of contactor volume were investigated. Experiments showed excellent possibility of control of the dispersion characteristics by applied voltage and thus control of the rate of extraction. The preliminary simulations based on our mathematical model for a three nozzle variant exhibited visual agreement with the theory of electrostatics.

scholarly journals Modification of Chitin Particles with Ionic Liquids Containing Ethyl Substituent in a Cation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malgorzata M. Jaworska ◽  
Andrzej Górak ◽  
Joanna Zdunek
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Ethyl Group ◽  
Network Of Hydrogen Bonds

Chitin cannot be dissolved in conventional solvents due to the strong inter- and intrasheet network of hydrogen bonds and the large number of crystalline regions. Some ionic liquids (ILs) have been suggested in the literature as possible solvents for chitin. Seven of them, all having an ethyl group as substituent in the cationic ring, have been tested in this work: [Emim][Cl], [Emim][Br], [Emim][I], [Emim][OAc], [Emim][Lact], [Epyr][I], and [EMS][BFSI]. Chitin was insoluble in [EMS][BFSI] while for all other ILs solubility was limited due to high viscosity of solutions and equilibria have not been reached. Changes in physical structure, particle size distribution, and crystallinity of recovered chitin depended on ionic liquid used. Increase in porosity was observed for chitin treated with [Emim][Cl], [Emim][I], [Emim][Br], and [Emim][Lact]; changes in particle size distribution were observed for [Emim][AcOH] and [EMS][BFSI]; increase in crystallinity was noticed for chitin treated with [Epyr][I] while decrease in crystallinity for [Emim][I] was noticed. All tested ionic liquids were reused four times and changes in FTIR spectra could be observed for each IL.

scholarly journals A Review of the electrochemical corrosion of metals in choline chloride based deep eutectic solvents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihael Bučko ◽  
Jelena Bajat
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Choline Chloride ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Metal Corrosion ◽  
Melting Points ◽  
Separate Class

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a class of mixtures with melting points notably lower than those of their raw constituent components. These liquids have found a tremendously wide spectrum of applications in the last two decades of their research, so their contact and interaction with technical metals and alloys are inevitable. Therefore, the corrosivity of DESs towards metals is an extremely important topic. This review summarizes research efforts collected in the last two decades related to the corrosion rate of various metals in different DESs. Since the DESs are mainly composed of organic raw compounds, and by their physicochemical properties they may be regarded as a separate class of ionic liquids, the literature data about DESs corrosivity has been compared to the data related to the corrosivity of various organic solvents and ionic liquids as well. All the results gained until now show significantly low corrosivity of DESs. This observation is discussed in relation to the chemical composition of DESs. The absence of the oxidizing agents, the inhibitory action of organic ions and molecules, high viscosity and low electrical conductivity have been recognized as the main factors contributing to the low metal corrosion rate in DESs.

scholarly journals Synthesis of random copolymer of isobutylene with p-methylstyrene by cationic polymerization in ionic liquids

e-Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqian Zhang ◽  
Wenli Guo ◽  
Yibo Wu ◽  
Yuwei Shang ◽  
Shuxin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Random Copolymer ◽  
Monomer Conversion ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Copolymer Composition ◽  
Ionization Time ◽  
Cationic Copolymerization ◽  
Monomer Feed ◽  
New Generation

AbstractPoly(isobutylene-co-p-methylstyrene) (IB/p-MeSt) random copolymer is a new generation of polyisobutylene-based elastomer. The cationic copolymerization of IB with p-MeSt was thoroughly examined by using various initiating systems in [Hmim][NTf2] at −30°C. The effects of initiating systems and monomer feed ratio on the monomer conversion, molecular weight and copolymer composition are discussed. The polymers were characterized by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF-MS) to determine their chemical composition and molecular structure. The results show that high polarity, high viscosity and ionic environment of ionic liquids (ILs) influenced the copolymerization. The corresponding mechanism of cationic copolymerization in ILs is also proposed.

scholarly journals Specifically Designed Ionic Liquids—Formulations, Physicochemical Properties, and Electrochemical Double Layer Storage Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Zheng Yue ◽  
Qiang Ma ◽  
Xinyi Mei ◽  
Abigail Schulz ◽  
Hamza Dunya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Electrolytic Properties ◽  
Storage Behavior ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Electrochemical Double Layer

Two key features—non-volatility and non-flammability—make ionic liquids (ILs) very attractive for use as electrolyte solvents in advanced energy storage systems, such as supercapacitors and Li-ion batteries. Since most ILs possess high viscosity and are less prone to dissolving common electrolytic salts when compared to traditional electrolytic solvents, they must be formulated with low viscosity thinner solvents to achieve desired ionic conductivity and dissolution of electrolyte salts in excess of 0.5 M concentration. In the past few years, our research group has synthesized several specifically designed ILs (mono-cationic, di-cationic, and zwitterionic) with bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TFSI) and dicyanamide (DCA) as counter anions. This article describes several electrolyte formulations to achieve superior electrolytic properties. The performance of a few representative IL-based electrolytes in supercapacitor coin cells is presented.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Catalysis with the Participation of Ionic Liquids

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Bartlewicz ◽  
Izabela Dąbek ◽  
Anna Szymańska ◽  
Hieronim Maciejewski
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysis ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Heterogeneous Systems ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
High Price ◽  
Solid Catalysts ◽  
Supported Ionic Liquid ◽  
Homogeneous Systems

This mini-review briefly describes the recent progress in the design and development of catalysts based on the presence of ionic liquids. In particular, the focus was on heterogeneous systems (supported ionic liquid (IL) phase catalysts (SILPC), solid catalysts with ILs (SCILL), porous liquids), which due to the low amounts of ionic liquids needed for their production, eliminate basic problems observed in the case of the employment of ionic liquids in homogeneous systems, such as high price, high viscosity, and efficient isolation from post-reaction mixtures.

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