Factors Affecting Protein-Glycan Specificity: Effect of Spacers and Incubation Time

Daniel M. Lewallen; David Siler; Suri S. Iyer

doi:10.1002/cbic.200900211

Factors affecting egg viability and incubation time in prairie dabbling ducks

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z93-156 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 71 (6) ◽

pp. 1146-1152 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Todd W. Arnold

Keyword(s):

Clutch Size ◽

Incubation Time ◽

Egg Size ◽

Hatching Success ◽

Size Variation ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Ambient Temperatures ◽

Weak Support ◽

Anas Clypeata

I determined hatching success for 328 dabbling duck (Anas spp.) eggs that were experimentally subjected to varying lengths of preincubation delay and then artificially incubated. Hatchability declined as unincubated eggs were exposed to longer preincubation delays. This effect was more pronounced at higher ambient temperatures and later in the nesting season, but did not vary with egg size or among duck species. These results are largely consistent with observed patterns of clutch-size variation among prairie-nesting waterfowl. Clutch size may be smaller later in the year and at lower latitudes owing to the negative effects of date and temperature on the ability of eggs to withstand preincubation delay. The timing of embryo mortality was bimodal, with peaks occurring during early development (<6 d) and just before hatching (>22 d); however, only early mortality was affected by preincubation delay. Eggs lost up to 2.6% of their initial mass as water vapor during preincubation delay, but the amount of water loss did not affect hatching success. Eggs subjected to preincubation delay required about 1 additional day to hatch. Incubation time was related to egg size in northern shovelers (Anas clypeata) and in all species combined, but not in blue-winged teal (Anas discors) or mallards (Anasplatyrhynchos). These data provide only weak support for the hypothesis that large eggs are costly because they take longer to hatch.

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SCREENING OF FACTORS INFLUENCING EXO-POLYGALACTURONASE PRODUCTION BY ASPERGILLUS NIGER ATCC 120120 USING TWO-LEVEL FRACTIONAL FACTORIAL DESIGN

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v81.13638 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 81 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Halifah Pagarra ◽

Roshanida A. Rahman ◽

Rachmawaty ◽

Nor Hasmaliana Abdul Manas

Keyword(s):

Aspergillus Niger ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Factorial Design ◽

Incubation Time ◽

Fractional Factorial Design ◽

Inoculum Size ◽

Fractional Factorial ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Screening Process ◽

Factors Affecting

Exo-polygalacturonase was produced by Aspergillus niger ATCC 120120 in a solid-state fermentation using Nephrolepis biserrata leaves. Factors affecting the production of exo-polygalacturonase were determined using a two-level fractional factorial design. The screening process for six factors; pH, incubation time, temperature, pectin concentration, inoculum size and moisture content, that influence the production of exo-polygalacturonase by A. niger was performed. The result of variance analysis (ANOVA) suggested that there were four statistically significant (P < 0.005) factors in the production of exo-polygalacturonase by A. niger. These factors were incubation time, temperature, pectin concentration and moisture content. The statistical analysis shows that the linear mathematical model is significant with coefficient of determination (R2) value of 0.9711. The optimum production of exo-polygalacturonase obtained using the model in this study was at 40.00 U/g.

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Factors Affecting The Indirect Immunoperoxidase Staining Of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus Antigens In Cells

Nigerian Journal of Animal Production ◽

10.51791/njap.v8i1.2486 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 50-56

Author(s):

E. N Okeke ◽

G. Lang

Keyword(s):

Incubation Time ◽

Direct Method ◽

Infectious Bursal Disease ◽

Immunoperoxidase Staining ◽

Antibody Technique ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Viral Antigens ◽

Bursal Disease ◽

Indirect Immunoperoxidase ◽

Indirect Technique

THE application of the Immunoperoxidase (IP) antibody technique for the definitive diagnosis of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) in chickens has earlier been described (Okeke and Lang, 1982). During that study it was noted that the Indirect method of IP was more sensitive in the demonstration of IBD viral antigens than the direct method. Consequently, more formation was sought on the specific technical parameter and the consequences that resulted by deviations from the codified procedures employed in the Indirect technique with the aim of obtaining an even better result. Studies of pH, serum dilutions, serum incubation time, conjugate dilutions, conjugate incubation time and developing time were conducted to find out what Influence such factors could have on the final staining product.

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Damage Development on the Surface of Nickel Coating in the Initial Period of Erosion

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14113123 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (11) ◽

pp. 3123

Author(s):

Dominika E. Zakrzewska ◽

Marta H. Buszko ◽

Alicja K. Krella ◽

Anna Komenda ◽

Grzegorz Mordarski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Incubation Time ◽

Cavitation Erosion ◽

Nickel Coating ◽

Initial Period ◽

Linear Increase ◽

Common Occurrence ◽

Damage Development ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Coating Application ◽

The Common

The common occurrence of the phenomenon of cavitation in many industries and the multitude of factors affecting the resistance to cavitation erosion of used materials contribute to the search for methods and appropriate parameters of coating application that are able to minimize the effects of erosion. To determine the validity of the developed application parameters and the method used, cavitation studies and microscopic observations of the development of erosion during the cavitation test were carried out. There was a clear lack of incubation time and a linear increase in losses after 60 min of the test. Moreover, the damage observed during the test overlapped, widening the area of erosion and thus leading to damage to the integrity of the coating.

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Synthesis and Characterization of N-Methyl Fatty Hydroxamic Acids from Ketapang Seed Oil Catalyzed by Lipase

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24213895 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (21) ◽

pp. 3895

Author(s):

Dedy Suhendra ◽

Erin Ryantin Gunawan ◽

Hajidi Hajidi

Keyword(s):

Incubation Time ◽

Hydroxamic Acid ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Immobilized Lipase ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Lipozyme Tl Im ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Ft Ir ◽

Biphasic Medium

N-methyl fatty hydroxamic acid (N-MFHA), which is a derivative of hydroxamic acid (HA), was synthesized from ketapang seed oil (Terminalia catappa L.). In general, HAs have wide applications due to their chelating properties and biological activities. N-MFHAs were synthesized using immobilized lipase (Lipozyme TL IM) in biphasic medium which was the ketapang seed oil dissolved in hexane and N-methylhydroxylamine dissolved in water. The products were characterized through color testing and FT-IR spectroscopy after purification. Various factors affecting the enzyme activity investigated in the study included the effect of incubation time, the amount of lipase used, and the temperature. On the basis of the results, the optimum conditions for the synthesis of N-MFHA obtained are 25 h of incubation time, a temperature of 40 °C, and a ratio of 1:100 for the amount of enzyme (g)/oil (g). At the optimum conditions of the reaction, 59.7% of the oils were converted to N-MFHA.

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Factors affecting the production and regeneration of protoplasts from Colletotrichum lindemuthianum

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/s1413-70542010000100009 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 34 (1) ◽

pp. 74-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Francine Hiromi Ishikawa ◽

Quélen de Lima Barcelos ◽

Elaine Aparecida de Souza ◽

Eustáquio Souza Dias

Keyword(s):

Efficient Method ◽

Incubation Time ◽

Genetic Manipulation ◽

Protoplast Isolation ◽

Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽

Lytic Enzymes ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Osmotic Stabilizer ◽

Digestion Mixture ◽

Protoplast Production

The present work reports factors affecting the production and regeneration of protoplasts from Colletotrichum lindemuthianum. The usefulness of protoplast isolation is relevant for many different applications and has been principally used in procedures involving genetic manipulation. Osmotic stabilizers, lytic enzymes, incubation time and mycelial age were evaluated in terms of their effects on protoplast yield. The optimal condition for protoplast production included the incubation of young mycelia (48 h) in 0.6 mol l-1 NaCl as the osmotic stabilizer, with 30 mg ml-1 Lysing Enzymes from Trichoderma harzianum for 3 h of incubation. In these conditions protoplasts production was higher than 10(6) protoplatos ml-1 in the digestion mixture, number suitable enough for experiments of transformation in fungi. Sucrose concentrations of 1.2 mol l-1 and 1 mol l-1 were the most suitable osmotic stabilizers for the regeneration after 48 h, with rates of 16.35% and 14.54%, respectively. This study produced an efficient method for protoplast production and reverted them into a typical mycelial morphology using a Colletotrichum lindemuthianum LV115 isolate.

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Progress In The Practical Application Of Automated Image Analysis To Tem Negatives

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100078614 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 35 ◽

pp. 214-217

Author(s):

F. A. Heckman ◽

E. Redman ◽

J.E. Connolly

Keyword(s):

Image Analysis ◽

Image Quality ◽

Exposure Time ◽

Image Contrast ◽

Automated Image Analysis ◽

Practical Application ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

High Image Quality ◽

Qualitative Evidence ◽

Comprehensive Study

In our initial publication on this subject1) we reported results demonstrating that contrast is the most important factor in producing the high image quality required for reliable image analysis. We also listed the factors which enhance contrast in order of the experimentally determined magnitude of their effect. The two most powerful factors affecting image contrast attainable with sheet film are beam intensity and KV. At that time we had only qualitative evidence for the ranking of enhancing factors. Later we carried out the densitometric measurements which led to the results outlined below.Meaningful evaluations of the cause-effect relationships among the considerable number of variables in preparing EM negatives depend on doing things in a systematic way, varying only one parameter at a time. Unless otherwise noted, we adhered to the following procedure evolved during our comprehensive study:Philips EM-300; 30μ objective aperature; magnification 7000- 12000X, exposure time 1 second, anti-contamination device operating.

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Factors affecting microstructural scale in liquid crystalline polymers

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100174230 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 220-221

Author(s):

Christine M. Dannels ◽

Christopher Viney

Keyword(s):

Liquid Crystalline ◽

Liquid Crystalline Polymers ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Crystalline Polymers ◽

Thermal Expansion Coefficients ◽

Low Thermal Expansion ◽

Lower Viscosity ◽

Fine Microstructure ◽

Planar Orientation ◽

Strength And Stiffness

Processing polymers from the liquid crystalline state offers several advantages compared to processing from conventional fluids. These include: better axial strength and stiffness in fibers, better planar orientation in films, lower viscosity during processing, low solidification shrinkage of injection moldings (thermotropic processing), and low thermal expansion coefficients. However, the compressive strength of the solid is disappointing. Previous efforts to improve this property have focussed on synthesizing stiffer molecules. The effect of microstructural scale has been overlooked, even though its relevance to the mechanical and physical properties of more traditional materials is well established. By analogy with the behavior of metals and ceramics, one would expect a fine microstructure (i..e. a high density of orientational defects) to be desirable.Also, because much microstructural detail in liquid crystalline polymers occurs on a scale close to the wavelength of light, light is scattered on passing through these materials.

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