scholarly journals Damage Development on the Surface of Nickel Coating in the Initial Period of Erosion

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3123
Author(s):  
Dominika E. Zakrzewska ◽  
Marta H. Buszko ◽  
Alicja K. Krella ◽  
Anna Komenda ◽  
Grzegorz Mordarski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Time ◽  
Cavitation Erosion ◽  
Nickel Coating ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
Damage Development ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Coating Application ◽  
The Common

The common occurrence of the phenomenon of cavitation in many industries and the multitude of factors affecting the resistance to cavitation erosion of used materials contribute to the search for methods and appropriate parameters of coating application that are able to minimize the effects of erosion. To determine the validity of the developed application parameters and the method used, cavitation studies and microscopic observations of the development of erosion during the cavitation test were carried out. There was a clear lack of incubation time and a linear increase in losses after 60 min of the test. Moreover, the damage observed during the test overlapped, widening the area of erosion and thus leading to damage to the integrity of the coating.

scholarly journals Milk price changes in Poland in the context of the Common Agricultural Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Borawski ◽  
Marta Guth ◽  
Wojciech Truszkowski ◽  
Dagmara Zuzek ◽  
Aneta Beldycka-Borawska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Retail Prices ◽  
The Common ◽  
Milk Market ◽  
Adf Test

Changes in the retail prices of pasteurised milk, purchase prices, and the price relationship between retail prices for pasteurised milk and other food products are analysed for Poland during the period from 2004–2018. In addition, the paper presents factors affecting changes in milk prices in Poland and characterises the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on the milk market. The adoption of a long period of analysis allows for the study of periods of both high and low variability. The data analysis uses various methods including the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test and the Autoregressive-Moving-Average Model (ARMA). The milk market showed significant response because it was one of the few that was strongly administered by the European Union. These policies led to a significant increase in milk prices in the analysed period. The average price of pasteurised food milk increased by 63% in 2003–2015, and the purchase farm price of milk increased by 91.74%. The situation changed when the production limits were eliminated after 2015. In the initial period after quotas ended, the price of milk decreased and then increased. Similar changes were observed in other EU countries. Even short-term fluctuations associated with economic crises did not significantly affect the milk market.

scholarly journals Subtype Characterization and Zoonotic Potential of Cryptosporidium felis in Cats in Guangdong and Shanghai, China

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Jiayu Li ◽  
Fuxian Yang ◽  
Ruobing Liang ◽  
Sheng Guo ◽  
Yaqiong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gp60 Gene ◽  
The Common ◽  
Subtyping Tool

Cryptosporidiumfelis is an important cause of feline and human cryptosporidiosis. However, the transmission of this pathogen between humans and cats remains controversial, partially due to a lack of genetic characterization of isolates from cats. The present study was conducted to examine the genetic diversity of C. felis in cats in China and to assess their potential zoonotic transmission. A newly developed subtyping tool based on a sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene was employed to identify the subtypes of 30 cat-derived C. felis isolates from Guangdong and Shanghai. Altogether, 20 C. felis isolates were successfully subtyped. The results of the sequence alignment showed a high genetic diversity, with 13 novel subtypes and 2 known subtypes of the XIXa subtype family being identified. The known subtypes were previously detected in humans, while some of the subtypes formed well-supported subclusters with human-derived subtypes from other countries in a phylogenetic analysis of the gp60 sequences. The results of this study confirmed the high genetic diversity of the XIXa subtype family of C. felis. The common occurrence of this subtype family in both humans and cats suggests that there could be cross-species transmission of C. felis.

scholarly journals Understanding Urban Commercial Vehicle Driver Behaviors and Decision Making

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110035
Author(s):  
Giacomo Dalla Chiara ◽  
Klaas Fiete Krutein ◽  
Andisheh Ranjbari ◽  
Anne Goodchild
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Vehicle ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Common Belief ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Urban Freight ◽  
The Road ◽  
Commercial Drivers ◽  
The Common ◽  
Printed Materials

As e-commerce and urban deliveries spike, cities grapple with managing urban freight more actively. To manage urban deliveries effectively, city planners and policy makers need to better understand driver behaviors and the challenges they experience in making deliveries. In this study, we collected data on commercial vehicle (CV) driver behaviors by performing ridealongs with various logistics carriers. Ridealongs were performed in Seattle, Washington, covering a range of vehicles (cars, vans, and trucks), goods (parcels, mail, beverages, and printed materials), and customer types (residential, office, large and small retail). Observers collected qualitative observations and quantitative data on trip and dwell times, while also tracking vehicles with global positioning system devices. The results showed that, on average, urban CVs spent 80% of their daily operating time parked. The study also found that, unlike the common belief, drivers (especially those operating heavier vehicles) parked in authorized parking locations, with only less than 5% of stops occurring in the travel lane. Dwell times associated with authorized parking locations were significantly longer than those of other parking locations, and mail and heavy goods deliveries generally had longer dwell times. We also identified three main criteria CV drivers used for choosing a parking location: avoiding unsafe maneuvers, minimizing conflicts with other users of the road, and competition with other commercial drivers. The results provide estimates for trip times, dwell times, and parking choice types, as well as insights into why those decisions are made and the factors affecting driver choices.

The risk of aspiration in Dettol poisoning: a retrospective cohort study

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Y.K. Chan ◽  
Julian A.J.H. Critchley ◽  
Joseph T.F. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Gastric Lavage ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
Pine Oil ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Common ◽  
Risk Of Aspiration ◽  
Increase In Risk

1 To determine if the risk of aspiration is increased in 'Dettol' (4.8% chloroxylenol, pine oil and isopropyl alco hol) poisoning and the factors that may be responsible, a study was made of 89 patients and 89 matched control subjects with other forms of poisoning admitted to the Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong. 2 Aspiration was more common in patients with Dettol poisoning (8% vs 3%, P = 0.16). There were more control subjects with drowsiness at presentation (54% vs 24%, P < 0.0001), but the use of gastric lavage (88% vs 64%, P < 0.001) and the occurrence of vomiting (62% vs 17%, P < 0.0001) were more common in patients with Dettol poisoning. 3 Our findings suggest that Dettol poisoning may be asso ciated with an increased risk of aspiration. This increase in risk may be related to the use of gastric lavage and the common occurrence of vomiting in patients with Dettol poisoning.

Interspecific differences in the distribution of adult and juvenile ponyfish (Leiognathidae) in the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 643 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Staunton-Smith ◽  
S. J. M. Blaber ◽  
J. G. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Linear Increase ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Common Pattern ◽  
Widespread Species ◽  
Nursery Areas ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
Coastal Species ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Coexisting Species

The distribution of leiognathids was investigated at 261 sites spread throughout the Gulf of Carpentaria. Eight species, Gazza minuta, Leiognathus decorus, L. equulus, L. fasciatus, L. leuciscus, L. smithursti, L. splendens and Secutor ruconius, were usually restricted to coastal areas, whereas four species, L. bindus, L. moretoniensis, Leiognathus sp. and S. insidiator, were not. Two other species, L. aureus and L. elongatus, were caught at only one site each. The relationships between size of fish and depth in Albatross Bay were investigated by examining the mean weight and minimum and maximum lengths of different species in 356 trawls. Six of the coastal species showed the common pattern of linear increase in size with depth. This pattern is consistent with the existence of estuarine and/or inshore nursery areas, and supports previous observations of these species. In contrast, three of the widespread species exhibited approximately quadratic relationships between size and depth. This unusual pattern resulted from small fish living in both the shallow inshore areas and deeper offshore areas, and it may reduce competition among the juveniles of the large number of very abundant, coexisting species of leiognathid.

Twinning in Susceptible Mothers—An Exploratory Study of International Data by Payami's Models Suggests “Reproductive Maturity” as a Risk Factor

1991 ◽  
Vol 40 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 269-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Philippe
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Age ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Reproductive Maturity ◽  
Secondary Exposure ◽  
Twin Birth ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Common Etiology ◽  
International Data ◽  
The Common

AbstractAn attempt has been made to apply Payami's models to maternal age-specific twin birth prevalences in several countries. The models disclose the heterogeneity of a cohort and spell out the risks to susceptible members (who will actually get the disease) according to age (or time). Payami's method specifies that the typical cohort of susceptibles is ascribed to two exposures: a potent and generalised exposure and a very low or no risk secondary exposure. The models have been adjusted to international data from current as well as old populations, of Occidental and Japanese origin. Results show that cohorts of twin-prone mothers aged 25 to 45 are homogeneous. A single dominant etiology is suggested which applies to both MZ and DZ twins. Heterogeneity, from 10% to 25%, is present in all countries whenever the 20-24 age group is involved. A separate study of illegitimate twin births from Denmark reduces the heterogeneity and shows that MZ illegitimate twin births are due to a secondary exposure responsible for a distinct twinning etiology. The age-specific risks of a MZ illegitimate twin birth are much higher than those of any comparison group, and are constant until age 35 years. This suggests a single-hit exposure akin to a neuroendocrine stimulus which short-cuts the usual age-dependent etiologic pathway. MZ and DZ twins both experience the same maternal age specific risks, an observation which underscores the common etiology of both types of twins. Risks increase with age from age 20 to 45 years. The pattern according to age varies among countries and time periods. Occidental populations have a pattern varying from an exponential to a more linear increase in old and recent populations, respectively. Only present-day Japan displays a logarithmic-like growth curve. The concept of “reproductive maturity” is introduced, and related to the secular trend of the DZ twin birth risk and to its variation across countries. Two new conclusions are drawn: a) The higher the rate of reproductive maturity, the less the DZ twin birth risk and, b) Reproductive maturity determines the maternal age-specific gonadotropin levels.

DYNAMICS OF A2 FINGER PULLEY RUPTURE

2007 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
MING A. TAN ◽  
FRANZ K. FUSS ◽  
GÜNTHER NIEGL
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Constant Force ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
Pulley System ◽  
Convergence Test ◽  
A2 Pulley ◽  
The Common ◽  
Rupture Mechanism

A mathematical model of the A2 pulley system will enable us to have a better understanding of the mechanics of the pulley-tendon system and provide us with insights of the pulley rupture mechanism. The A2 pulley was modeled based on parallel pulley fibers attached to a phalanx with a tendon passing them. Mechanical properties of the pulleys such as stiffness, strength and friction were included in the model. A convergence test was done to ensure the accuracy of the test. The model managed to show high loads on flexed finger may lead to pulley ruptures. Further studies on the rupture mechanism showed that pulley ruptures are self-propagating when a constant force is applied and the rate of rupture increases, as fewer intact fibers are present to support the load. The initial rate of propagation is much slower and this accelerates as more fibers are ruptured. This explains the common occurrence of partial pulley ruptures.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the motivation of Chemistry university students

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16
Author(s):  
Johanna Havia
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Self Determination Theory ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Motivation To Learn ◽  
Laboratory Practice ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Chemistry Students ◽  
The Common

As a part of this research, a survey and four student interviews were done on the motivation of chemistry students of University of Oulu. The aim was to find out the formation of motivation, and seek factors that affect the students’ motivation to study chemistry. The survey measured the inner motivation, outer motivation and lack of motivation based on self-determination theory. The most common aspect of motivation among the students was the inner motivation to learn more about chemistry. Among the common aspects were also the aspects of outer motivation: outside regulation and benefit. By interviewing four of the students, a deeper understanding of the factors behind motivation was sought. Among the positive factors were the parallel lectures and laboratory practices, and including recent research results into teaching. The significance of laboratory practice was the most evident factor. Among the factors reducing motivation were problems with group formation, unclear issues and lectures where everything was readily given. By paying attention to group formation, motivation to study could be increased relatively easily.

scholarly journals Exploration of Factors Affecting Learners' Motivation in E-learning

2019 ◽  
pp. 1269-1275
Author(s):  
Shubham Dubey ◽  
Biro Piroska ◽  
Manjulata Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Dropping Out ◽  
Individual Factor ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Learning Platforms ◽  
The Common ◽  
Khan Academy ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact

The world is changing rapidly, so is academics. E-learning has altered the area of academics and education. ICT enabled learning has given ideal services to students by providing any type of content on demand which is proportional to the performance of students. The concentration of learner has been found instinctive; thus there is a need of engaging mind towards course progress with its entirety till the objectives of the course will be achieved. There are several e-learning platforms available as EdX, Udacity, Khan Academy, Alison those have a number of learners registered for various courses. Studies suggest that these platforms suffer from the common problem of learners’ dropping out. Investigations also claim early leaving rate is increasing due to lack of quality of content, distraction factors, learners’ mind change, outdated and succinct information, and some more detraction factors. These issues have been observed on the basis of early leaving rates in various MOOCs. Thus there is a mammoth scope for minimizing the impact of these reasons on the learners’ mind. It can be achieved by identifying these factors affecting learners’ motivation during the course. This study is aiming on identifying these factors. The approach is to explore some certain keywords on previous literature (total 41) and then calculating their frequencies and co-factors associated with them. Both grouped factors contribution and individual factor contribution have been taken care. The study gives a direction for future work towards overcoming these actor and engaging learners in ICT enabled learning.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document