In vitro response of the human and canal longitudinal muscle layer to cholinergic and adrenergic stimulation: Evidence of sphincter specialization

1993 ◽  
Vol 80 (10) ◽  
pp. 1337-1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. O'Kelly ◽  
A. Brading ◽  
N. J. McC. Mortensenss
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Adrenergic Stimulation ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle Layer ◽  
In Vitro Response

In vitro microelectrode study of the electrical properties of smooth muscle in equine ileum

2001 ◽  
Vol 149 (23) ◽  
pp. 707-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. P. H. Hudson ◽  
I. G. Mayhew ◽  
G. T. Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Potential Oscillations ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle Layer ◽  
Membrane Potential Oscillations

Intracellular microelectrode recordings were made from smooth muscle cells in cross-sectional preparations of equine ileum, superfused in vitro. Membrane potential oscillations and spike potentials were recorded in all preparations, but recordings were made more readily from cells in the longitudinal muscle layer than from cells in the circular layer. The mean (se) resting membrane potential (RMP) of smooth muscle cells in the longitudinal muscle layer was -51.9 (1.2) mV, and the membrane potential oscillations in this layer had a mean amplitude of 4.8 (0.4) mV, a frequency of 9.0 (0.1) cycles per minute and a duration of 5.8 (0.2) seconds. The membrane potential oscillations were preserved in the presence of tetrodotoxin. A waxing and waning pattern of membrane potential oscillation activity was observed. Nifedipine abolished the spiking contractile activity of the smooth muscle, did not abolish the membrane potential oscillations but did alter their temporal characteristics.

Longitudinal contractions in the duodenum: their fluid-mechanical function

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (6) ◽  
pp. 1887-1892 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Melville ◽  
E Macagno ◽  
J Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle Layer ◽  
Circular Muscle Layer ◽  
Model Flow ◽  
Displacement Wave ◽  
Marked Points

The hypothesis examined was that contractions of the longitudinal muscle layer occurin the duodenum which are independent of those of the circular muscle layer and that they induce flow of duodenal contents. A segment of opossum duodenum isolated in vitro was marked and photographed during periods of longitudinal muscle contraction, when the circular muscle layer appeared inactive. The prequency of longitudinal oscillation of the marked points was 20.5 cycles/min. The longitudinal displacement wave spread caudad with an average velocity of 3.27 cm/s. Frequency and velocity of electrical slow waves were determined in similiar duodenal segments. Slow-wave frquencywas 18.9 cycles/min. In a two-dimensional mechanical model, flow induced by simulatedlongitudinal muscle layer appear to be driven by the electrical slow waves of the duodenum. They are capable of inducing a pattern of flow in which ocntents flow betweenthe core and the periphery of the intestinal conduit.

Coordination of electrical activities in muscle layers of the pig colon

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (1) ◽  
pp. G136-G142
Author(s):  
J. D. Huizinga ◽  
E. Chow ◽  
N. E. Diamant ◽  
T. Y. el-Sharkaway
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Simultaneous Recording ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle Layer ◽  
Circular Muscle Layer ◽  
High Level ◽  
Electrical Activities

Simultaneous recording of electrical activities from the circular and longitudinal muscle layers of the pig colon was performed in vitro to study possible coordination of activities. The electrical activity of both muscle layers consisted of electrical oscillations with superimposed spikes. The frequency range of the electrical oscillations in the circular muscle was 0.5-3.5 cycles per minute (cpm) and in the longitudinal muscle 24-42 cpm. Coordination of the activities of both muscle layers occurred consistently only after stretch or cholinergic stimulation. Then it occurred in a unique fashion. Each oscillation in the circular muscle layer occurred at the same time as the onset of a burst of oscillations in the longitudinal muscle. In addition, multiple simultaneous recordings of the electrical activities from each muscle layer were obtained showing that within the circular muscle layer electrical oscillations were phase locked in the circumferential direction and along the long axis of the colon. They appeared to propagate in either the oral or aboral direction. In tetrodotoxin (with stretch as stimulus) and also in presence of carbachol, bursts of oscillations in the longitudinal muscle layer were phase locked circumferentially (in the different taeniae) and longitudinally. This study shows that the muscle layers in the colon, which have different myogenic electrical activities, can obtain a high level of coordination.

scholarly journals Patterns of intracellular and intercellular Ca 2+ waves in the longitudinal muscle layer of the murine large intestine In vitro

2002 ◽  
Vol 543 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant W. Hennig ◽  
Christian B. Smith ◽  
Deirdre M. O'Shea ◽  
Terence K. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Large Intestine ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle Layer

scholarly journals First reported case of per anal endoscopic myectomy (PAEM): A novel endoscopic technique for resection of lesions with severe fibrosis in the rectum

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. E146-E150 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Rahni ◽  
Takashi Toyonaga ◽  
Yoshiko Ohara ◽  
Francesco Lombardo ◽  
Shinichi Baba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Rectal Tumor ◽  
Resection Margins ◽  
Submucosal Layer ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle Layer ◽  
Circular Muscle Layer ◽  
Tunneling Method ◽  
Severe Fibrosis

Background and study aims A 54-year-old man was diagnosed with a rectal tumor extending through the submucosal layer. The patient refused surgery and therefore endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) was pursued. The lesion exhibited the muscle retraction sign. After dissecting circumferentially around the fibrotic area by double tunneling method, a myotomy was performed through the internal circular muscle layer, creating a plane of dissection between the internal circular muscle layer and the external longitudinal muscle layer, and a myectomy was completed.The pathologic specimen verified T1b grade 1 sprouting adenocarcinoma with 4350 µm invasion into the submucosa with negative resection margins.

Sodium nitrite, a potent relaxant of rat stomach fundus: in vitro evidence

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 989-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Ceregrzyn ◽  
Tsuyoshi Ozaki ◽  
Atsukazu Kuwahara ◽  
Maria Wiechetek
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Potassium Channels ◽  
Guanylate Cyclase ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Rat Stomach ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle Layer ◽  
Stomach Fundus

The effects of sodium nitrite (0.1, 1, 10 mM) on mechanical activity of isolated rat stomach fundus muscle and the influence of guanylate cyclase activity inhibitor (methylene blue) and channel inhibitors (tetrodotoxin, charybdotoxin, apamin) were studied. Nitrite evoked dose-dependent relaxation in the longitudinal and circular muscle layers. The lowest effective concentration of sodium nitrite was 0.1 mM, which is comparable with the NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level). Tetrodotoxin (1 µM) markedly inhibited electrically induced contraction and rebound relaxation, but did not influence the nitrite-induced relaxation. Charybdotoxin (100 nM) decreased the relaxation evoked by 10 mM nitrite to 52.3 and 65.7% of control reaction in the circular and longitudinal muscle layer, respectively. Apamin (100 nM) did not influence the nitrite-induced relaxation. Methylene blue (10 µM) decreased relaxation induced by nitrite in the longitudinal and circular muscle layer, respectively, to 66.7 and 54.3% of the response to 1 mM nitrite alone. Relaxation induced by nitrite was decreased in the presence of L-cysteine (5 mM), and in the circular and longitudinal muscle layer reached 29.6 and 23.1%, respectively, of the response to 1 mM nitrite alone. We conclude that the relaxing effect of nitrite on gastric fundus results from its direct action on smooth muscle cells and probably the enteric nervous system is not involved in this action. The nitrite-elicited relaxation depends on activation of guanylate cyclase and high conductance Ca2+-activated potassium channels; however, activation of potassium channels might be a part of or might act in parallel with the mechanism involving the cyclic GMP system. Effects of nitrite observed in the presence of L-cysteine suggest that nitrosothiols are not responsible for nitrite-evoked activation of guanylate cyclase.Key words: nitrite, gastric motility, tetrodotoxin, methylene blue, charybdotoxin, L-cysteine.

Membrane currents recorded from a fragment of rabbit intestinal smooth muscle cell

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (3) ◽  
pp. C335-C346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ohya ◽  
K. Terada ◽  
K. Kitamura ◽  
H. Kuriyama
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Outward Current ◽  
Ionic Currents ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Rabbit Ileum ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle Layer ◽  
Inward Current ◽  
K Currents

Properties of ionic currents in smooth muscle membranes of the longitudinal muscle layer of the rabbit ileum were investigated using the single electrode voltage clamp method. In the present experiments, this method was applicable only to the smooth muscle ball (fragment) and not for the dispersed whole cell, because of incompleteness of the voltage clamping. A voltage step elicited a transient inward current followed by an outward current. This outward current was partly inhibited by Mn2+ or nisoldipine or by a reduction in the extracellular [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]o). Tetraethylammonium (TEA) reduced the delayed outward current in a dose-dependent manner, but 50 mM TEA did not produce a complete block of a residual current. When the pipette contained K+-free (Cs+ with TEA+) solution, the residual outward current was abolished. The inward current was elicited at -30 mV (holding potential of -60 mV) and reached the maximal value at +10 mV; the polarity was reversed at +60 mV. This inward current depended on the [Ca2+]o and was blocked by Mn2+ or nisoldipine. Ba2+ also permeated the membrane, and the inward current evoked by Ba2+ was also blocked by Mn2+ or nisoldipine. Reduction of [Na+]o in a solution containing 2.4 mM Ca2+ neither modified the current-voltage relation nor the decay of the inward current, but when [Ca2+]o was reduced to below 1 microM, Na+ permeated the membrane and was blocked by nisoldipine. In conclusion, ionic currents were recordable from the fragmented ball of the longitudinal muscle of rabbit ileum. There were at least two K+ currents as the outward current (Ca2+-dependent K+ and delayed K+ currents) and a Ca2+ current as the inward current. The property of the Ca2+ channel was similar to that observed with other preparations.

Separation of enkephalin-degrading enzymes from longitudinal muscle layer of bovine small intestine

1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (17) ◽  
pp. 3179-3183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadahiko Hazato ◽  
Mariko Shimamura ◽  
Ryoichi Kase ◽  
Mikio Iijima ◽  
Takashi Katayama
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle Layer ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Bovine Small Intestine

Responses of muscles of cat small intestine to autonomic nerve stimulation

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon L. Van Harn
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Slow Waves ◽  
Intraluminal Pressure ◽  
Sympathetic Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle Layer

The externally recorded slow waves from the cat small intestine originate in the longitudinal muscle layer. In vitro the slow waves are recorded from all layers of the intestine if the segment is not immersed in a saline bath. When the longitudinal layer is removed from one region, the magnitude of the slow-wave potential in the other intestinal layers decreases as the distance from the intact longitudinal muscle layer is increased. An active intestine, in vivo, responds to sympathetic nerve stimulation by a hyperpolarization, cessation of spikes, and inhibition of muscle contraction. During inactivity of the intestine, either vagus or sympathetic nerve stimulation results in a depolarization, initiation of spikes, and muscle contraction. The nature of the response is influenced by the frequency of nerve stimulation and by the level of activity of the intestinal muscle, which is altered by intraluminal pressure changes. The effect of drugs on the response of the intestine to vagal and sympathetic nerve stimulation is such as to indicate that both inhibitory and excitatory nerve fibers are present in each of the autonomic nerves. The duration of the latent period of the response is long and highly variable, and a response requires 50–100 nerve volleys.

Effects of transmural field stimulation in isolated muscle strips from human esophagus

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (3) ◽  
pp. G344-G351 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Tottrup ◽  
A. Forman ◽  
P. Funch-Jensen ◽  
U. Raundahl ◽  
K. E. Andersson
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Muscle ◽  
Circular Muscle ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Isometric Tension ◽  
Field Stimulation ◽  
Platinum Electrodes ◽  
Longitudinal Muscle Layer ◽  
Circular Muscle Layer ◽  
Human Esophagus ◽  
40 Hz

Smooth muscle strips representing longitudinal and circular muscle layers of the esophagogastric junction (EGJ) and esophageal body (EB) of the human esophagus were prepared. The strips were mounted in organ baths and isometric tension was recorded. Square wave stimulation was applied through platinum electrodes. Only responses abolished by tetrodotoxin (TTX) were considered neurogenic. Strips taken from longitudinal muscle layers of the EB and EGJ contracted during field stimulation. The responses evoked were abolished by atropine, and optimal frequency of stimulation was 40 Hz. In strips taken from the circular muscle layer of the EB, a contraction occurred after cessation of the stimulus. Atropine inhibited 90% of this response; the optimal stimulation frequency was 40 Hz. When a tone was induced in strips from this layer, a TTX-sensitive relaxation was seen during field stimulation. During stimulation of strips from the EGJ circular muscle layer, which was the only preparation developing spontaneous active tone, a relaxation was seen. A small contraction followed after termination of the stimulus. The relaxation, which was nonadrenergic, noncholinergic, reached maximum at 10 Hz. Atropine inhibited 40% of the contraction. The results suggest that in the longitudinal muscle layer of the human lower esophagus field stimulation causes postganglionic nerves to release transmitter(s) acting on muscarinic receptors. The responses of circular muscle layers seem to be mediated through release of at least two transmitters.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document