scholarly journals Protective role of systemic furin in immune response-induced arthritis

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 2878-2886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilène Lin ◽  
Marie-Dominique Ah Kioon ◽  
Claude Lalou ◽  
Jerome Larghero ◽  
Jean-Marie Launay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Protective Role

scholarly journals The role of unconventional T cells in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Orumaa ◽  
Margaret R. Dunne
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Γδ T Cells ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Viral Immunity ◽  
Mait Cells

AbstractCOVID-19 is a respiratory disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It was first documented in late 2019, but within months, a worldwide pandemic was declared due to the easily transmissible nature of the virus. Research to date on the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 has focused largely on conventional B and T lymphocytes. This review examines the emerging role of unconventional T cell subsets, including γδ T cells, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells and mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells in human SARS-CoV-2 infection.Some of these T cell subsets have been shown to play protective roles in anti-viral immunity by suppressing viral replication and opsonising virions of SARS-CoV. Here, we explore whether unconventional T cells play a protective role in SARS-CoV-2 infection as well. Unconventional T cells are already under investigation as cell-based immunotherapies for cancer. We discuss the potential use of these cells as therapeutic agents in the COVID-19 setting. Due to the rapidly evolving situation presented by COVID-19, there is an urgent need to understand the pathogenesis of this disease and the mechanisms underlying its immune response. Through this, we may be able to better help those with severe cases and lower the mortality rate by devising more effective vaccines and novel treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Protective role of Indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase in Respiratory Syncytial Virus associated immune response in airway epithelial cells

Virology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 512 ◽  
pp. 144-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devi Rajan ◽  
Raghavan Chinnadurai ◽  
Evan L. O'Keefe ◽  
Seyhan Boyoglu-Barnum ◽  
Sean O. Todd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Airway Epithelial Cells ◽  
Airway Epithelial ◽  
Indoleamine 2,3 Dioxygenase ◽  
Syncytial Virus

scholarly journals New Insights on the Role of pentraxin-3 in Allergic Asthma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latifa Koussih ◽  
Samira Atoui ◽  
Omar Tliba ◽  
Abdelilah S. Gounni
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Pentraxin 3 ◽  
Complement Components

Pentraxins are soluble pattern recognition receptors that play a major role in regulating innate immune responses. Through their interaction with complement components, Fcγ receptors, and different microbial moieties, Pentraxins cause an amplification of the inflammatory response. Pentraxin-3 is of particular interest since it was identified as a biomarker for several immune-pathological diseases. In allergic asthma, pentraxin-3 is produced by immune and structural cells and is up-regulated by pro-asthmatic cytokines such as TNFα and IL-1β. Strikingly, some recent experimental evidence demonstrated a protective role of pentraxin-3 in chronic airway inflammatory diseases such as allergic asthma. Indeed, reduced pentraxin-3 levels have been associated with neutrophilic inflammation, Th17 immune response, insensitivity to standard therapeutics and a severe form of the disease. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge of the role of pentraxin-3 in innate immune response and discuss the protective role of pentraxin-3 in allergic asthma.

scholarly journals Infection-induced miR-126 suppresses tsc1- and cxcl12a-dependent permissive macrophages during mycobacterial infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Wright ◽  
Kumudika de Silva ◽  
Karren M. Plain ◽  
Auriol C. Purdie ◽  
Warwick J. Britton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Mycobacterial Infection ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Zebrafish Model ◽  
Effector Pathways ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mtor Signalling

AbstractRegulation of host microRNA (miRNA) expression is a contested node that controls the host immune response to mycobacterial infection. The host must overcome concerted subversive efforts of pathogenic mycobacteria to launch and maintain a protective immune response. Here we examine the role of miR-126 in the zebrafish model of Mycobacterium marinum infection and identify a protective role for this infection-induced miRNA through multiple effector pathways. Specifically, we analyse the impact of the miR-126 knockdown-induced tsc1a and cxcl12a/ccl2/ccr2 signalling axes during early host-M. marinum interactions. We find a strong detrimental effect of tsc1a upregulation that renders zebrafish embryos susceptible to higher bacterial burden and increased cell death despite dramatically higher recruitment of macrophages to the site of infection. We demonstrate that infection-induced miR-126 suppresses tsc1 and cxcl12a expression thus improving macrophage function early in infection, partially through activation of mTOR signalling and strongly through preventing the recruitment of Ccr2+ permissive macrophages, resulting in the recruitment of protective tnfa-expressing macrophages. Together our results demonstrate an important role for infection-induced miR-126 in shaping an effective immune response to M. marinum infection in zebrafish embryos.

Altered hepatic mRNA expression of immune response-associated DNA damage in mice liver induced by potassium bromate: Protective role of vanillin

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1796-1807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajer Ben Saad ◽  
Dorra Driss ◽  
Ibtissem Ben Amara ◽  
Ons Boudawara ◽  
Tahia Boudawara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Potassium Bromate ◽  
Mice Liver

scholarly journals Prospects and Challenges of the Study of Anti-Glycan Antibodies and Microbiota for the Monitoring of Gastrointestinal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11608
Author(s):  
Eugeniy P. Smorodin
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
The Past ◽  
Integrative Study

Over the past decades, a large amount of data has been accumulated in various subfields of glycobiology. However, much clinically relevant data and many tools are still not widely used in medicine. Synthetic glycoconjugates with the known structure of glycans are an accurate tool for the study of glycan-binding proteins. We used polyacrylamide glycoconjugates (PGs) including PGs with tumour-associated glycans (TAGs) in immunoassays to assess the prognostic potential of the serum level of anti-glycan antibodies (AG Abs) in gastrointestinal cancer patients and found an association of AG Abs with survival. The specificity of affinity-isolated AG Abs was investigated using synthetic and natural glycoconjugates. AG Abs showed mainly a low specificity to tumour-associated and tumour-derived mucins; therefore, the protective role of the examined circulating AG Abs against cancer remains a challenge. In this review, our findings are analysed and discussed in the context of the contribution of bacteria to the AG Abs stimulus and cancer progression. Examples of the influence of pathogenic bacteria colonising tumours on cancer progression and patient survival through mechanisms of interaction with tumours and dysregulated immune response are considered. The possibilities and problems of the integrative study of AG Abs and the microbiome using high-performance technologies are discussed.

scholarly journals Modulation of Immune Responses by Exosomes Derived from Antigen-Presenting Cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 9s1 ◽  
pp. CPath.S39925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Botros B. Shenoda ◽  
Seena K. Ajit
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Antigen Presenting Cells ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Peptide Complexes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Antigen Presenting

Exosome-mediated signaling is important in mediating the inflammatory response. To exert their biological or pathophysiological functions in the recipient cells, exosomes deliver a diverse array of biomacromolecules including long and short coding and non-coding RNAs, proteins, and lipids. Exosomes secreted by antigen-presenting cells can confer therapeutic benefits by attenuating or stimulating the immune response. Exosomes play a crucial role in carrying and presenting functional major histocompatibility peptide complexes to modulate antigen-specific T cell responses. Exosomes from Dendritic Cells (DCs) can activate T and B cells and have been explored for their immunostimulatory properties in cancer therapy. The immunosuppressive properties of exosomes derived from macrophages and DCs can reduce inflammation in animal models for several inflammatory disorders. This review focuses on the protective role of exosomes in attenuating inflammation or augmenting immune response, emphasizing studies on exosomes derived from DCs and macrophages.

Genetic background affects the mucosal SIgA levels, parasite burden, lung inflammation and susceptibility of male mice to Ascaris suum infection.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Maria de Oliveira ◽  
Denise Silva Nogueira ◽  
Ricardo Marcelo Geraldi ◽  
Fernando Sérgio Barbosa ◽  
Chiara Cássia Oliveira Amorim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Parasite Burden ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Socioeconomic Impacts ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Time Point ◽  
Synergetic Action

Ascariasis is a neglected tropical disease, widespread in the world and causing important socioeconomic impacts. The presence of various stages of worm development in the pulmonary and intestinal mucosa induces a humoral and cellular immune response. However, although there is much evidence of the protective role of mucosal immunity against various pathogens, including helminthes, there is still a gap in the knowledge about the immune response and the mechanisms of action that are involved in protection against diseases, especially in the initial phase of ascariasis. Then, the aim of this study was to evaluate the kinetic aspects of the immune parasitological parameters in intestinal and pulmonary mucosa in male mice with early ascariasis. Therefore, two mice strains showed a different susceptibility to ascariasis (BALB/c and C57BL6/j), when experimentally infected with 2,500 infective eggs of Ascaris suum from time-point 0 and the immune parasitological parameters evaluated each two days after infection, during the period of 12 days. The results were suggestive of a synergetic action of intestinal and pulmonary SIgA contributing for the protection against early ascariasis by reducing the amount of migrating larval as well as the influx of leukocytes in the lung and the consequent impair of the pulmonary capacity.

scholarly journals Protective Role of the Virus-Specific Immune Response for Development of Severe Neurologic Signs in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaques

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (12) ◽  
pp. 9940-9947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sieghart Sopper ◽  
Ursula Sauer ◽  
Susanne Hemm ◽  
Monika Demuth ◽  
Justus Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Simian Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Central Nervous System Disease ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Antiviral Immune Response ◽  
Slow Progressors ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT The pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus-associated motor and cognitive disorders is poorly understood. In this context both a protective and a harmful role of the immune system has been discussed. This question was addressed in the present study by correlating the occurrence of neurologic disease in simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaques with disease progression and the humoral and cellular intrathecal antiviral immune response. Overt neurologic signs consisting of ataxia and apathy were observed at a much higher frequency in rapid progressor animals (6 of 12) than in slow progressors (1 of 7). Whereas slow progressors mounted a strong antiviral antibody (Ab) response as evidenced by enzyme-linked immunosorbent and immunospot assays, neither virus-specific Ab titers nor Ab-secreting cells could be found in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or brain parenchyma of rapid progressors. Similarly, increased infiltration of CD8+ T cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for viral antigens were detected only in the CSF of slow progressors. The finding that neurologic signs develop frequently in SIV-infected macaques in the absence of an antiviral immune response demonstrates that the immune system does not contribute to the development of motor disorders in these animals. Moreover, the lower incidence of neurologic symptoms in slow progressors with a strong intrathecal immune response suggests a protective role of the virus-specific immunity in immunodeficiency virus-induced central nervous system disease.

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