scholarly journals Modified aquaporin 5 expression and distribution in submandibular glands from NOD mice displaying autoimmune exocrinopathy

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 2566-2574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad S. Soyfoo ◽  
Carine De Vriese ◽  
Huguette Debaix ◽  
Maria D. Martin-Martinez ◽  
Chantal Mathieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nod Mice ◽  
Aquaporin 5 ◽  
Submandibular Glands ◽  
Autoimmune Exocrinopathy

scholarly journals Switching to normal diet reverses kwashiorkor-induced salivary impairments via increased nitric oxide level and expression of aquaporin 5 in the submandibular glands of male Wistar rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-372
Author(s):  
Taye Jemilat Lasisi ◽  
Shehu Tijani Shittu ◽  
Akinola Rasak Alada
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aquaporin 5 ◽  
Submandibular Glands ◽  
Nitric Oxide Level

Kwashiorkor, a form of malnutrition, has been shown to cause impaired salivary secretion. However, there is dearth of information on the mechanism that underlies this complication. Also, whether returning to normal diet after kwashiorkor will reverse these complications or not is yet to be discerned. Thus, this study aimed at assessing the mechanisms that underlie kwashiorkor-induced salivary impairments and to evaluate the effects of switching back to normal-diet on kwashiorkor-induced salivary impairments. Weaning rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (control group, kwashiorkor group (KG), re-fed kwashiorkor group (RKG)) of 7 rats each. The control group had standard rat chow while the KG and RKG were fed 2% protein diet for 6 weeks to induce kwashiorkor. The RKG had their diet changed to standard rat-chow for another 6 weeks. Blood and stimulated saliva samples were collected for the analysis of total protein, electrolytes, amylase, immunoglobulin A (IgA) secretion rate, leptin, and ghrelin. Tissue total protein, nitric oxide level, expressions of Na+/K+-ATPase, muscarinic (M3) receptor, and aquaporin 5 in the submandibular glands were also determined. Data were presented as means ± SEM and compared using ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. RKG showed improved salivary function evidenced by reduced salivary lag-time and potassium and increased flow rate, sodium, amylase, IgA secretion rate, leptin, submandibular nitric oxide level, and aquaporin 5 expression compared with KG. This study for the first time demonstrated that kwashiorkor caused significant reduction in salivary secretion through reduction of nitric oxide level and aquaporin 5 expression in submandibular salivary glands. Normal-diet re-feeding after kwashiorkor returned salivary secretion to normal.

scholarly journals CD4/CD8 Antibodies Reduce Histopathological Damage in Salivary Glands of Spontaneously Diabetic Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
Raphael Oliveira Ramos Franco Netto ◽  
Eliézer Guimarães Moura ◽  
Luan Oenning Col ◽  
Magda Jaciara Barros ◽  
Juliana de Almeida Rodrigues Franco Netto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Nod Mice ◽  
Insulin Receptors ◽  
Nonparametric Test ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Submandibular Glands ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Abstract Background and aims: Diabetes affects the metabolism promoting damage in different tissues, including salivary glands. Current treatments, such as insulin, are ineffective to recovery of these tissues. In this aspect, the immunotherapy has been tested, but it can be inefficient as an agent for the control of damage caused by diabetes. The aim of this study to evaluate the association in anti-CD4 and anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody in the recovery of salivary glands of diabetic NOD mice. Material and methods: Fifteen spontaneously diabetic mice (NOD) were divided into three groups with 5 animals each: group I (Balb/C control mice), group II (untreated NOD mice), group III (NOD mice treated with CD4 and CD8 antibodies). The CD4 and CD8 antibodies (IMUNY, Rheabiotech Ltda, Brazil) were administered by intravenously injections (25 ug/days: 0, 7, 14, and 21). After treatment salivary glands samples were analyzed by immunofluorescence, microscopy, light microscopy and stereology. (ethical approval process: 304/11), Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test were used. Results: Elevated levels of glucose (mg/dl) were observed in untreated animals (group II) (605.25 ± 31.23, p≤0.05), whereas in treated animals (group III), were noted a decrease in these levels (464.77 ± 39.66, p≤0.05). Tissue restructure, characterized by cell volume recovery, also was observed in group III (nuclear volume of parotid glands: (109.91 ± 02.03, p≤0.05) and submandibular glands: (107.52 ± 02, p≤0.05) (cytoplasmic volume of parotid glands: (356.14 ± 26.34, p≤0.05) and submandibular glands: (331.22 ± 32.11, p≤0.05). Intense signaling (+++) of insulin receptors was observed in animals of group I. On the other hand, in group II was noted a reduction of these receptors (+). In treated animals (group III) were observed a recovery of the insulin receptors (+++). Conclusions: This treatment was effective in the recovery of salivary acinar cells, contributed also to homeostasis of body metabolism. Thus, this immunomodulation promoted a beneficial effect on the recovery of these tissues.

scholarly journals Light conditions affect rhythmic expression of aquaporin 5 and anoctamin 1 in rat submandibular glands

Heliyon ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. e02792
Author(s):  
Ryouichi Satou ◽  
Yoshiyuki Shibukawa ◽  
Maki Kimura ◽  
Naoki Sugihara
Keyword(s):  
Light Conditions ◽  
Aquaporin 5 ◽  
Anoctamin 1 ◽  
Submandibular Glands ◽  
Rhythmic Expression

FoxO1 as a Regulator of Aquaporin 5 Expression in the Salivary Gland

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110034
Author(s):  
S.M. Lee ◽  
S.W. Lee ◽  
M. Kang ◽  
J.K. Choi ◽  
K. Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Sjogren Syndrome ◽  
Aquaporin 5 ◽  
Submandibular Glands ◽  
Primary Sjögren Syndrome ◽  
Aqp5 Expression ◽  
Direct Regulator

Forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) is a multifunctional initiator, mediator, and repressor of autoimmune diseases in an organ- or disease-specific manner. However, the role of FoxO1 in the salivary gland has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we discovered that FoxO1 and aquaporin 5 (AQP5) are both significantly downregulated in the patients with primary Sjögren syndrome, an autoimmune disease accompanying salivary gland dysfunction. Pharmacologic or genetic perturbation of FoxO1 in the rat salivary gland acinar cell line, SMG-C6, induced a significant downregulation of AQP5 expression, as observed in clinical specimens. There was a strong correlation between FoxO1 and AQP5 expression because FoxO1 is a direct regulator of AQP5 expression in salivary gland acinar cells through its interaction with the promoter region of AQP5. Serial injection of a FoxO1 inhibitor into mice induced a reduction of AQP5 expression in submandibular glands and, consequently, hyposalivation, which is one of the major clinical symptoms of primary Sjögren syndrome. However, there was no sign of inflammation or cell damage in the submandibular glands harvested from mice treated with the FoxO1 inhibitor. In conclusion, our findings indicate that FoxO1 in salivary gland tissue acts as a direct regulator of AQP5 expression. Thus, downregulation of FoxO1 observed in primary Sjögren syndrome is a putative mechanism for hyposalivation without the involvement of previously reported soluble factors in primary Sjögren syndrome patient sera.

scholarly journals Progress in Understanding Autoimmune Exocrinopathy Using the Non-obese Diabetic Mouse: An Update

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cha ◽  
A.B. Peck ◽  
M.G. Humphreys-Beher
Keyword(s):  
Nod Mice ◽  
Diabetic Mouse ◽  
Nod Mouse ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Th1 And Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Cell Surface Signaling ◽  
Asymptomatic Phase ◽  
Autoimmune Exocrinopathy

Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by histological and functional alterations of salivary and lacrimal glands that result in a severe dryness of the mouth and the eyes. The etiology of SS has remained undefined despite investigators' significant efforts to identify the mechanisms of initiation. Based on histopathology, several animal models are available—such as MRL/lpr, NZW/NZB, NFS/sld, graft vs. host, transgenic mouse expressing viral surface antigen, and the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse—for investigation of the etiology of SS. Biochemical and immunological similarities between human SS and autoimmune exocrinopathy (AEC) in the NOD mouse, including the loss of secretory function, establish the NOD mouse as an appropriate model to unravel the underlying pathophysiology of SS. Recently, several NOD congenic partner strains have been developed to investigate the roles of genetic intervals, cytokines, and autoantibodies in the disease pathogenesis. Studies on NOD- scid suggest that the pathogenesis of SS occurs in two phases: an asymptomatic phase, in which epithelial cells of exocrine tissues undergo dedifferentiation accompanied by elevated apoptosis; and a second phase in which autoaggression is mounted against target organ autoantigens, resulting in the activation of T- and B-cells, and the generation of autoantibodies. The presence of autoantibodies on the cell-surface signaling receptor, the muscarinic3 receptor, in both SS patients and the NOD mice correlates with the hallmark clinical symptom of secretory dysfunction. Additionally, the NOD mouse model provides an important example of how both Th1 and Th2 cytokines, as well as non-immune genetic loci, are involved in the maintenance of and progression to the overt disease state. Ultimately, analysis of these data provides insight into potentially novel therapeutic interventions.

Leukocytes Infiltrating the Submandibular Glands of NOD Mice Express E-cadherin

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R Esch ◽  
Malin V Jonsson ◽  
Valerie A Levanos ◽  
Jennifer D Poveromo ◽  
Barbara C Sorkin
Keyword(s):  
Nod Mice ◽  
Submandibular Glands ◽  
E Cadherin
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