scholarly journals Reconstruction of the historical distribution ranges of imperilled stream fishes from a global endemic hotspot based on molecular data: Implications for conservation of threatened taxa

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 144-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Chakona ◽  
Gavin Gouws ◽  
Wilbert T. Kadye ◽  
Martine S. Jordaan ◽  
Ernst R. Swartz
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Data ◽  
Stream Fishes ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Historical Distribution ◽  
Threatened Taxa

scholarly journals Timing and causes of the distribution pattern of Oncomelania hupensis estimated by molecular and geologic data

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-bin Ji ◽  
Shu-xin Xu ◽  
Jun Bai ◽  
Ying-yi Cui ◽  
Xian-min Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Pattern ◽  
Schistosoma Japonicum ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Oncomelania Hupensis ◽  
Distribution Ranges

Abstract:As the only intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum, Oncomelania hupensis plays an irreplaceable role in the prevalence of schistosomiasis japonica. Several living subspecies of Oncomelania hupensis are found in Asia, especially in China, Japan,the Philippines, and Sulawesi of Indonesia. The existing geographical distribution pattern of O. hupensis has been influenced by geological events. This study used existing mitochondrial gene data for O. hupensis in the GenBank database and the molecular clock method to estimate the divergence time of each subspecies of O. hupensis. For the first time, the timing and causes of the distribution pattern of the different O. hupensis subspecies were studied by combining molecular data with data on geologic events. The results showed that the uplift and isolation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau caused Oncomelania hupensis robertsoni to differentiate 4.76 Ma(Million anniversary), while Oncomelania hupensis guangxiensis was affected by the third Himalayan orogenic movement, differentiating 1.10 Ma. Oncomelania hupensis nosophora was influenced by the formation of the Yonaguni Strait and diverged 1.43 Ma. Influenced by ice ages and interglacial periods, Oncomelania hupensis tangi and Oncomelania hupensis formosana diverged 0.57 Ma. The link of the ancient Yangtze River promoted the spread of O. hupensis to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the developed water network facilitated gene exchange among Oncomelania hupensis hupensis in the area. Eventually, 0.62 Ma, O. h. hupensis differentiated.Author summaryPhylogenetic analysis of Pomatiopsidae species showed that Oncomelania was isolated from other genera and clustered independently in phylogenetic trees. Further analysis of the species Oncomelania hupensis and its subspecies was performed. The snail species O. hupensis has multiple subspecies that exhibit certain differences. These subspecies are distributed across Asia, from China’s Yunnan Province in the west to Japan in the east and south to the Philippines and Indonesia. In addition, the subspecies are widespread in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China, and the distribution ranges of the different subspecies do not overlap. The formation of this distribution pattern of each subspecies of O. hupensis has a profound impact on the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum. Therefore, the authors analyzed molecular data and geological historical events to investigate the timing and causes of the distribution pattern of each subspecies of O. hupensis.

scholarly journals Evidence of hidden diversity and taxonomic conflicts in five stream fishes from the Eastern Zimbabwe Highlands freshwater ecoregion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Chakona ◽  
Wilbert Kadye ◽  
Taurai Bere ◽  
Daniel Mazungula ◽  
Emmanuel Vreven
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Stream Fishes ◽  
Species Delineation ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Incomplete Knowledge ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Effective Conservation

Stream fishes of the Eastern Afromontane region are among the least studied vertebrates in this region, despite the potential for harbouring cryptic diversity. The present study examined mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence divergence in 153 specimens of stream fishes belonging to four genera and three families, [(<i>Amphilius</i> and <i>Zaireichthys</i> (Amphiliidae); <i>Chiloglanis</i> (Mochokidae); and <i>Hippopotamyrus</i> (Mormyridae)], in the Eastern Zimbabwe Highlands (EZH) freshwater ecoregion to explore the extent to which the current taxonomy conceals the ichthyofaunal diversity in the region. The General Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) species delineation method identified 14 clusters within five currently recognised ‘species’ from the EZH ecoregion. Only one of these clusters represents a named species, while 13 of them represent candidate or undescribed species. Our results revealed that effective conservation of this region’s unique biota is limited by the incomplete knowledge of taxonomic diversity and inaccurate mapping of species distribution ranges.

scholarly journals UPDATING THE TAXONOMY AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE EUROPEAN OSMODERMA, AND STRATEGIES FOR THEIR CONSERVATION (COLEOPTERA, SCARABAEIDAE, CETONIINAE)

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Audisio ◽  
Hervé Brustel ◽  
Giuseppe Maria Carpaneto ◽  
Giorgia Coletti ◽  
Emiliano Mancini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Companion Paper ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Westward Expansion ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Specific Rank ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Near Future

Results of a molecular analysis on the European hermit beetles (the <em>Osmoderma</em> <em>eremita</em> species-complex), recently published in a companion paper, are shortly dis- cussed and commented. These results indicate a clear-cut distinction between two clades. The first one includes the W-European <em>O. eremita</em> Scopoli, 1763, and the two Italian endemic taxa <em>O. italicum</em> Sparacio, 2000 and <em>O. cristinae</em> Sparacio, 1994, from southern peninsular Italy and Sicily, respectively. The second one includes the widespread E-European<em> O. barnabita</em> Motschulsky, 1845 (<strong>nom. resurr</strong>.), and the southern Balcanic <em>O. lassallei</em> Baraud &amp; Tauzin, 1991 from Greece and European Turkey. Within the two clades, molecular data well support a specific rank for <em>O. lassallei</em> and <em>O. barn­abita</em> on one side, and of <em>O.</em> <em>eremita</em> and <em>O. cristinae</em> on the other side, while the taxonomic position of <em>O. italicum</em>, more closely related with <em>O. eremita</em>, is still uncertain, waiting for analysis of additional specimens of this very rare taxon. Current geographical distribution, interspecific genetic diversification, and relatively low levels of intraspecific genetic divergence in <em>O. eremita</em> sensu stricto, are hypothesized to be the result of multiple speciation events (mainly occurred in refugial forest areas of the Italian and Balkan peninsulas and Sicily before and during the Pleistocene glacial peaks), followed by fast post-glacial northward and westward expansion of some species. The need of further genetic data on the rare and threatened hermit beetle species and the importance of more detailed information on their distribution ranges are emphasized and discussed, in order to plan conservation strategies in the near future. An updated worldwide checklist of the species of the genus <em>Osmoderma</em> is finally presented.

scholarly journals Evidence of hidden diversity and taxonomic conflicts in five stream fishes from the Eastern Zimbabwe Highlands freshwater ecoregion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Chakona ◽  
Wilbert Kadye ◽  
Taurai Bere ◽  
Daniel Mazungula ◽  
Emmanuel Vreven
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Stream Fishes ◽  
Species Delineation ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Incomplete Knowledge ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Effective Conservation

Stream fishes of the Eastern Afromontane region are among the least studied vertebrates in this region, despite the potential for harbouring cryptic diversity. The present study examined mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence divergence in 153 specimens of stream fishes belonging to four genera and three families, [(<i>Amphilius</i> and <i>Zaireichthys</i> (Amphiliidae); <i>Chiloglanis</i> (Mochokidae); and <i>Hippopotamyrus</i> (Mormyridae)], in the Eastern Zimbabwe Highlands (EZH) freshwater ecoregion to explore the extent to which the current taxonomy conceals the ichthyofaunal diversity in the region. The General Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) species delineation method identified 14 clusters within five currently recognised ‘species’ from the EZH ecoregion. Only one of these clusters represents a named species, while 13 of them represent candidate or undescribed species. Our results revealed that effective conservation of this region’s unique biota is limited by the incomplete knowledge of taxonomic diversity and inaccurate mapping of species distribution ranges.

scholarly journals Historical and current distribution ranges and loss of mega-herbivores and carnivores of Asia

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10738
Author(s):  
Tariq Mahmood ◽  
Tuong Thuy Vu ◽  
Ahimsa Campos-Arceiz ◽  
Faraz Akrim ◽  
Shaista Andleeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Distribution ◽  
Ecosystem Functioning ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Spatially Explicit ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Southwest Asia ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Asiatic Lion ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Historical Distribution

Ecosystem functioning is dependent a lot on large mammals, which are, however, vulnerable and facing extinction risks due to human impacts mainly. Megafauna of Asia has been declining for a long, not only in numbers but also in their distribution ranges. In the current study, we collected information on past and current occurrence and distribution records of Asia’s megafauna species. We reconstructed the historical distribution ranges of the six herbivores and four carnivores for comparison with their present ranges, to quantify spatially explicit levels of mega-defaunation. Results revealed that historically the selected megafauna species were more widely distributed than at current. Severe range contraction was observed for the Asiatic lion, three rhino species, Asian elephant, tigers, and tapirs. Defaunation maps generated have revealed the vanishing of megafauna from parts of the East, Southeast, and Southwest Asia, even some protected Areas losing up to eight out of ten megafaunal species. These defaunation maps can help develop future conservation policies, to save the remaining distribution ranges of large mammals.

New Zealand forest-dwelling skinks of the Oligosoma oliveri (McCann) species-complex (Reptilia: Scincidae): reinstatement of O. pachysomaticum (Robb) and an assessment of historical distribution ranges

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4688 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-398
Author(s):  
TONY R. JEWELL
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
East Coast ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Historical Distribution ◽  
Distribution Limits ◽  
Population Interaction ◽  
Insular Populations

The forest-dwelling skinks of the Oligosoma oliveri (‘marbled skink’) species-complex, from the North Island of New Zealand, have proven difficult taxonomically because all mainland populations are extinct, obscuring patterns of distribution and population interaction. Twenty-four small insular populations have survived off the north-east coast of the North Island, which are at present classified into three species. In this paper I re-assess the available phenotypic, ecological, biogeographic and phylogenetic evidence associated with these skinks. As a result, O. pachysomaticum (Robb) is raised from synonymy with O. oliveri (McCann) and more precise historical distribution limits are inferred for each member of the group. Implications for the conservation management of each species are also discussed. 

scholarly journals Evidence of hidden diversity and taxonomic conflicts in five stream fishes from the Eastern Zimbabwe Highlands freshwater ecoregion

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 768 ◽  
pp. 69-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Chakona ◽  
Wilbert T. Kadye ◽  
Taurai Bere ◽  
Daniel N. Mazungula ◽  
Emmanuel Vreven
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Taxonomic Diversity ◽  
Stream Fishes ◽  
Species Delineation ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit ◽  
Incomplete Knowledge ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Effective Conservation

Stream fishes of the Eastern Afromontane region are among the least studied vertebrates in this region, despite the potential for harbouring cryptic diversity. The present study examined mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence divergence in 153 specimens of stream fishes belonging to four genera and three families, [(AmphiliusandZaireichthys(Amphiliidae);Chiloglanis(Mochokidae); andHippopotamyrus(Mormyridae)], in the Eastern Zimbabwe Highlands (EZH) freshwater ecoregion to explore the extent to which the current taxonomy conceals the ichthyofaunal diversity in the region. The General Mixed Yule Coalescent (GMYC) species delineation method identified 14 clusters within five currently recognised ‘species’ from the EZH ecoregion. Only one of these clusters represents a named species, while 13 of them represent candidate or undescribed species. Our results revealed that effective conservation of this region’s unique biota is limited by the incomplete knowledge of taxonomic diversity and inaccurate mapping of species distribution ranges.

scholarly journals Unexpected diversity in the relictual European spiders of the genus Pimoa (Araneae : Pimoidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Mammola ◽  
Gustavo Hormiga ◽  
Miquel A. Arnedo ◽  
Marco Isaia
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Cantabrian Mountains ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
Postglacial Expansion ◽  
The Alps

Pimoidae is a small family of araneoid spiders, hitherto represented in Europe by two species with disjunct distribution in the Alps and in the Cantabrian Mountains of northern Spain. Here we report the description of two additional European species of Pimoa, discovered within the range of the only former alpine species, P. rupicola: P. graphitica sp. nov. and P. delphinica sp. nov. The new species are distinguished from the latter by genitalic characters as well as by molecular characters. On the basis of the re-examination of old and recent abundant material collected in caves and other subterranean habitats, we revise the distribution patterns of the genus Pimoa in the Alps and outline the species distribution ranges. Molecular data suggest the existence of gene flow between populations of the two new species when in sympatry. The different species probably originated in the alpine region as a result of range contractions following dramatic climatic changes in the Alps since the mid Miocene. We interpreted the present-day overlapping distribution in light of a possible postglacial expansion. Finally, we provide insights on the natural history and life cycles of the new species and discuss their phylogenetic relationships within Pimoidae.

Notes on the molecular taxonomy of the Proclossiana eunomia complex (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae: Argynnini): analysis of DNA barcodes

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Yakovlev ◽  
N. A. Shapoval ◽  
G. N. Kuftina ◽  
A. V. Kulak ◽  
S. V. Kovalev
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Molecular Taxonomy ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Molecular Approach ◽  
Dna Barcodes ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Proclossiana Eunomia

The Proclossiana eunomia (Esper, 1799) complex is currently composed of the several subspecies distributed throughout Palaearсtic region and North America. Despite the fact that some of the taxa have differences in wing pattern and body size, previous assumptions on taxonomy not supported by molecular data. Therefore, the identity of certain populations of this complex has remained unclear and the taxonomic status of several recently described taxa is debated. Here, we provide insights into systematics of some Palaearctic members of this group using molecular approach, based on the analysis of the barcoding fragment of the COI gene taking into account known morphological differences.

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