Synthesis of a Cocoa Butter Equivalent by Enzymatic Interesterification of Illipe Butter and Palm Midfraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adiguna Bahari ◽  
Casimir C. Akoh
Keyword(s):  
Cocoa Butter ◽  
Enzymatic Interesterification ◽  
Cocoa Butter Equivalent

scholarly journals Detection and Quantification of Cocoa Butter Equivalents in Cocoa Butter and Plain Chocolate by Gas Liquid Chromatography of Triacylglycerols

2004 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 1153-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Buchgraber ◽  
Chiara Senaldi ◽  
Franz Ulberth ◽  
Elke Anklam
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cocoa Butter ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cocoa Butter Equivalent ◽  
Validation Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cocoa Butter Equivalents ◽  
Detection And Quantification

Abstract The development and in-house testing of a method for the detection and quantification of cocoa butter equivalents in cocoa butter and plain chocolate is described. A database consisting of the triacylglycerol profile of 74 genuine cocoa butter and 75 cocoa butter equivalent samples obtained by high-resolution capillary gas liquid chromatography was created, using a certified cocoa butter reference material (IRMM-801) for calibration purposes. Based on these data, a large number of cocoa butter/cocoa butter equivalent mixtures were arithmetically simulated. By subjecting the data set to various statistical tools, reliable models for both detection (univariate regression model) and quantification (multivariate model) were elaborated. Validation data sets consisting of a large number of samples (n = 4050 for detection, n = 1050 for quantification) were used to test the models. Excluding pure illipé fat samples from the data set, the detection limit was determined between 1 and 3% foreign fat in cocoa butter. Recalculated for a chocolate with a fat content of 30%, these figures are equal to 0.3–0.9% cocoa butter equivalent. For quantification, the average error for prediction was estimated to be 1.1% cocoa butter equivalent in cocoa butter, without prior knowledge of the materials used in the blend corresponding to 0.3% in chocolate (fat content 30%). The advantage of the approach is that by using IRMM-801 for calibration, the established mathematical decision rules can be transferred to every testing laboratory.

OPTIMIZATION OF COCOA BUTTER EQUIVALENT PRODUCTION FROM FORMULATED HARD PALM OIL MID-FRACTION AND CANOLA OIL BLENDS

2016 ◽  
Vol 78 (6-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reiza Mutia ◽  
Dayang Norulfairuz Abang Zaidel ◽  
Ida Idayu Muhamad
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Cocoa Butter ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Canola Oil ◽  
Cocoa Butter Equivalent ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

The study to find cocoa butter equivalent (CBE) as an alternative to cocoa butter (CB) from available and low cost commercial oils or fats has been increased recently. Current study investigates the blending of hard palm oil mid-fraction (PMF) with canola oil to produce high nutritional CBE using immobilized lipase from Rhizomucor miehei. The experiments were designed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to optimize the percentage of saturated-unsaturated-saturated (StUSt) triacylglycerols (TAGs). The experiment was performed at hard PMF concentration of 50 to 90% (w/w), lipozyme load between 5% and 10% (based on the weight of substrate) with a reaction time between 2 to 14 hours. The best reaction conditions to attain this target was 89.35% (w/w) of hard PMF concentration, 2 hours of reaction time, and 5% (based on the weight of substrate) of lipozyme load, resulting CBE which contains 64.44±1.18% of StUSt. The addition of canola oil improved the nutritional value of CBE which was marked by the higher percentage of linoleic acid (omega-6, 4.53±0.06%) and linolenic acid (omega-3, 0.74±0.14%) in CBE than CB (omega-6, 2.68±0.34%). Enzymatic interesterification was not altering fatty acid content in the CBE, especially linoleic acid (omega-6) and linolenic acid (omega-3) which was characterized by no significant difference (p > 0.05) between the fatty acid profile of initial mixture (before interesterification) and CBE (after interesterification).

scholarly journals Effect of cocoa butter equivalent on cocoa butter crystallization behavior and on dark chocolate

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Thais Lomonaco Teodoro Da Silva ◽  
Renato Grimaldi ◽  
Lireny Aparecida Guaraldo Gonçalves
Keyword(s):  
Cocoa Butter ◽  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
Dark Chocolate ◽  
Cocoa Butter Equivalent ◽  
Cocoa Butter Crystallization

scholarly journals Production of Cocoa Butter Replacer by Dry Fractionation, Partial Hydrogenation, Chemical and Enzymatic Interesterification of Tea Seed Oil

2012 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 184-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheila Zarringhalami ◽  
Mohammad Ali Sahari ◽  
Mohsen Barzegar ◽  
Zohreh Hamidi-Esfehani
Keyword(s):  
Cocoa Butter ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Enzymatic Interesterification ◽  
Partial Hydrogenation ◽  
Dry Fractionation ◽  
Tea Seed Oil

Alternative Method for the Quantification by Gas Chromatography Triacylglycerol Class Analysis of Cocoa Butter Equivalent Added to Chocolate Bars

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (10) ◽  
pp. 2770-2775 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Guyon ◽  
Sarah Destouesse ◽  
Joëlle Moustirats ◽  
Maryse Esclapez ◽  
Marie-Hélène Salagoity ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Cocoa Butter ◽  
Cocoa Butter Equivalent ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Alternative Method
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