scholarly journals Birth weight, postnatal weight gain, and adult body composition in five low and middle income countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher W. Kuzawa ◽  
Pedro C. Hallal ◽  
Linda Adair ◽  
Santosh K. Bhargava ◽  
Caroline H.D. Fall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
Postnatal Weight Gain ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals Impact of Dietary Interventions during Pregnancy on Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Outcomes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Zohra S Lassi ◽  
Zahra A Padhani ◽  
Amna Rabbani ◽  
Fahad Rind ◽  
Rehana A. Salam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Obesity Prevention ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Child Outcomes ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Optimal nutrition plays a crucial role in pregnancy. Maternal malnutrition is a risk factor for maternal, fetal, and neonatal complications and is more prevalent in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). This review aims to study the effectiveness of antenatal macronutrient nutritional interventions on maternal, neonatal, and child outcomes. We searched the CENTRAL, PubMed, Embase, and other databases for randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs on healthy pregnant women in LMICs. We also searched grey literature and reports from Google Scholar, Web of Science, and websites of different organizations. Title/abstract screening, full-text screening, and data extraction filtered 15 studies for inclusion. Balanced energy protein (BEP) supplementation (n = 8) studies showed a reduced incidence of perinatal mortality, stillbirths, low birth weight (LBW) infants, small for gestational age (SGA) babies and increased birth weight. Food distribution programs (FDPs) (n =5) witnessed reduced rates of SGA, stunting, wasting, and increased birth weight and birth length. Studies on intervention for obesity prevention (n = 2) showed reductions in birth weight. Other findings were statistically insignificant. Subgroup analyses were conducted to study the effectiveness of supplementation between regions, location, the timing of supplementation and nutritional status; however, there were a limited number of studies in each subgroup. Data from our review supports the antenatal supplementation of BEP and FDP for the prevention of adverse maternal, neonatal, and child outcomes that can be utilized for future policymaking. However, more research is required before recommending obesity prevention programs.

scholarly journals Perspective: Creating the Evidence Base for Nutritional Support in Childhood Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Priorities for Body Composition Research

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexia J Murphy-Alford ◽  
Maya Prasad ◽  
Jeremy Slone ◽  
Katja Stein ◽  
Terezie T Mosby
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Childhood Cancer ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Children With Cancer ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Nutrition Management ◽  
Low And Middle Income

ABSTRACT There is a striking disparity in survival rates for children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with high-income countries (HICs). Many of the contributing factors are preventable, including the comorbidity of malnutrition. There are emerging data that malnutrition, as reflected in body composition changes, impacts survival of cancer. However, not enough priority is given to nutrition management of children with cancer, particularly in LMICs. The primary purpose of this article is to review the current knowledge on childhood cancer and body composition in LMICs and identify priorities for future research into the interlinking associations between cancer, body composition, and clinical outcomes for childhood cancer patients. Evidence will ensure feasible and effective nutrition management is prioritized in childhood cancer centers in LMICs and contribute to improving outcomes for children with cancer.

Anterolateral thigh measurements by ultrasound in neonates and young infants to ensure safe intramuscular injections during vaccination in low- and middle-income countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Rohit Bhowmick ◽  
Bhavneet Bharti ◽  
Praveen Kumar ◽  
Akshay K Saxena ◽  
Sahul Bharti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Anterolateral Thigh ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background Use of same length needle for intramuscularly administered vaccines had been reported to cause under-and over-penetration among infants due to their different body weights and underlying variations in the fat and muscle thickness. Normative data regarding thigh compartment thickness are, however, lacking among neonates and infants aged ≤12 weeks particularly in low- and middle-incoming countries with high burden of low birth weight/growth restricted infants. Methods Present study investigated skin to muscle and skin to bone (STBD) distances of anterolateral thigh of babies (n = 300) aged ≤12 weeks (1–80 days) with different weight groups (<3 kg, 3–4 kg and >4 kg) by ultrasonography during their intramuscular vaccinations. Results Overall, mean [standard deviation (SD)] STBD was 17.04 (2.66) mm with range of 10.60–23.30 mm. Stratifying by current body weight, mean (SD) STBD in infants weighing less than 3 kg was 14.39 (1.23) mm. For infants weighing between 3–4 kg and >4 kg, the mean (SD) STBD were 16.69 (1.43) mm and 17.04 (2.66) mm, respectively. Estimated safety (no risk of over-penetration) of 16 mm was observed in 57.33% (172) infants whereas 25 mm needle had 100% over-penetration risk in the study cohort. Current body weight of infants was a significant predictor of safe injection [area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve 0.95; 95% CI 0.92–0.97]. Conclusions Our study offers objective normative measurements of anterolateral thigh for safe intramuscular vaccination in young infants especially for low birth weight and growth restricted infants in low- and middle-income countries.

Effect of birth weight and postnatal weight gain on body composition in early infancy

2009 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 285-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Holzhauer ◽  
Anita C.S. Hokken Koelega ◽  
Maria de Ridder ◽  
Albert Hofman ◽  
Henriette A. Moll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Early Infancy ◽  
Postnatal Weight Gain

scholarly journals The impact of maternal nutrition on birth weight and brain development in children from low- and middle-income countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Ellen Ringshaw ◽  
Catherine J Wedderburn ◽  
Kirsten A Donald
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Nutritional Interventions ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Maternal nutrition is a key factor influencing optimal birth and child developmental outcomes. Although this is recognized globally, it is particularly relevant to low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where the risk of malnutrition during pregnancy is high, and low birth weight (LBW) is prevalent. LBW has consistently been associated with poor health, stunted growth, and adverse neurocognitive outcomes. Less is known about the impact of maternal nutrition and LBW on neurodevelopment due to the limited focus of neuroimaging research on maternal obesity and pre-term birth in high-income countries. Maternal nutrition may be pivotal to understanding how LBW impacts the child brain in LMICs where there is a high risk of food insecurity and approximately 43% of children under the age of 5 are at risk of not reaching their developmental potential. Furthermore, examining the outcomes of LBW in babies who are small-for-gestational age (SGA) due to intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in LMICs is less-explored, yet important. Therefore, further neuroimaging research is needed to investigate the complex relationship between maternal nutrition, LBW and structural brain outcomes. This should be recognized as a research priority to inform nutritional interventions during pregnancy, and to optimize the developmental potential of children from LMICs.

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