Evidence on the Association between Maternal Education and Low Birth Weight in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad W. Godah ◽  
Zahraa Beydoun ◽  
Rima A. Abdul-Khalek ◽  
Batoul Safieddine ◽  
Assem Khamis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

scholarly journals How consistent are associations between stunting and child development? Evidence from a meta-analysis of associations between stunting and multidimensional child development in fifteen low- and middle-income countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1339-1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann C Miller ◽  
Megan B Murray ◽  
Dana R Thomson ◽  
Mary Catherine Arbour
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Supportive Parenting ◽  
Developmental Domains ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractObjectiveDespite documented associations between stunting and cognitive development, few population-level studies have measured both indicators in individual children or assessed stunting’s associations with other developmental domains.DesignMeta-analysis using publicly available data from fifteen Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS-4) to assess the association between stunting and development, controlling for maternal education, family wealth, books in the home, developmentally supportive parenting and sex of the child, stratified by country prevalence of breast-feeding (‘low BF’<90 %, ‘high BF’ ≥90 %). Ten-item Early Childhood Development Index (ECDI) scores assessed physical, learning, literacy/numeracy and socio-emotional developmental domains. Children on track in three or four domains were considered ‘on-track’ overall.SettingFifteen low- and middle-income countries.SubjectsPublically available data from 58 513 children aged 36–59 months.ResultsSevere stunting (height-for-age Z-score <−3) was negatively associated with on-track development (OR=0·75; 95 % CI 0·67, 0·83). Any stunting (Z-score <−2) was negatively associated with on-track development in countries with high BF prevalence (OR=0·82; 95 % CI 0·75, 0·89). Severe and any stunting were negatively associated with physical development (OR=0·77; 95 % CI 0·66, 0·89 and OR=0·82; 95 % CI 0·74, 0·91, respectively) and literacy/numeracy development in high BF countries (OR=0·45; 95 % CI 0·38, 0·53 and OR=0·59, 95 % CI 0·51, 0·68, respectively), but not low BF countries (OR=0·93; 95 % CI 0·70, 1·23 and OR=0·95, 95 % CI 0·79, 1·12, respectively). Any stunting was negatively associated with learning (OR=0·79; 95 % CI 0·72, 0·88). There was no clear association between stunting and socio-emotional development.ConclusionsStunting is associated with many but not all developmental domains across a diversity of countries and cultures. However, associations varied by country breast-feeding prevalence and developmental domain.

Anterolateral thigh measurements by ultrasound in neonates and young infants to ensure safe intramuscular injections during vaccination in low- and middle-income countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-120
Author(s):  
Rohit Bhowmick ◽  
Bhavneet Bharti ◽  
Praveen Kumar ◽  
Akshay K Saxena ◽  
Sahul Bharti
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Anterolateral Thigh ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Background Use of same length needle for intramuscularly administered vaccines had been reported to cause under-and over-penetration among infants due to their different body weights and underlying variations in the fat and muscle thickness. Normative data regarding thigh compartment thickness are, however, lacking among neonates and infants aged ≤12 weeks particularly in low- and middle-incoming countries with high burden of low birth weight/growth restricted infants. Methods Present study investigated skin to muscle and skin to bone (STBD) distances of anterolateral thigh of babies (n = 300) aged ≤12 weeks (1–80 days) with different weight groups (&lt;3 kg, 3–4 kg and &gt;4 kg) by ultrasonography during their intramuscular vaccinations. Results Overall, mean [standard deviation (SD)] STBD was 17.04 (2.66) mm with range of 10.60–23.30 mm. Stratifying by current body weight, mean (SD) STBD in infants weighing less than 3 kg was 14.39 (1.23) mm. For infants weighing between 3–4 kg and &gt;4 kg, the mean (SD) STBD were 16.69 (1.43) mm and 17.04 (2.66) mm, respectively. Estimated safety (no risk of over-penetration) of 16 mm was observed in 57.33% (172) infants whereas 25 mm needle had 100% over-penetration risk in the study cohort. Current body weight of infants was a significant predictor of safe injection [area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve 0.95; 95% CI 0.92–0.97]. Conclusions Our study offers objective normative measurements of anterolateral thigh for safe intramuscular vaccination in young infants especially for low birth weight and growth restricted infants in low- and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals Adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes associated with Neisseria gonorrhoeae: systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-111
Author(s):  
Lisa M Vallely ◽  
Dianne Egli-Gany ◽  
Handan Wand ◽  
William S Pomat ◽  
Caroline S E Homer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Perinatal Mortality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Premature Rupture Of Membranes ◽  
Premature Rupture ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

Objective To examine associations between Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infection during pregnancy and the risk of preterm birth, spontaneous abortion, premature rupture of membranes, perinatal mortality, low birth weight and ophthalmia neonatorum. Data sources We searched Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature for studies published between 1948 and 14 January 2020. Methods Studies were included if they reported testing for NG during pregnancy and compared pregnancy, perinatal and/or neonatal outcomes between women with and without NG. Two reviewers independently assessed papers for inclusion and extracted data. Risk of bias was assessed using established checklists for each study design. Summary ORs with 95% CIs were generated using random effects models for both crude and, where available, adjusted associations. Results We identified 2593 records and included 30 in meta-analyses. Women with NG were more likely to experience preterm birth (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.21 to 1.99, n=18 studies); premature rupture of membranes (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.92, n=9); perinatal mortality (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.35 to 3.46, n=9); low birth weight (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.12 to 2.48, n=8) and ophthalmia neonatorum (OR 4.21, 95% CI 1.36 to 13.04, n=6). Summary adjusted ORs were, for preterm birth 1.90 (95% CI 1.14 to 3.19, n=5) and for low birth weight 1.48 (95% CI 0.79 to 2.77, n=4). In studies with a multivariable analysis, age was the variable most commonly adjusted for. NG was more strongly associated with preterm birth in low-income and middle-income countries (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.40 to 3.48, n=7) than in high-income countries (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.83, n=11). Conclusions NG is associated with a number of adverse pregnancy and newborn outcomes. Further research should be done to determine the role of NG in different perinatal mortality outcomes because interventions that reduce mortality will have the greatest impact on reducing the burden of disease in low-income and middle-income countries. PROSPERO registration number CRD42016050962.

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