Full‐Scale Osteochondral Regeneration by Sole Graft of Tissue‐Engineered Hyaline Cartilage without Co‐Engraftment of Subchondral Bone Substitute

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 1901304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolei Nie ◽  
Jian Yang ◽  
Yon Jin Chuah ◽  
Wenzhen Zhu ◽  
Yvonne Peck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Osteochondral Regeneration

scholarly journals Challenges and Innovations in Osteochondral Regeneration: Insights from Biology and Inputs from Bioengineering toward the Optimization of Tissue Engineering Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Pedro Morouço ◽  
Cristiana Fernandes ◽  
Wanda Lattanzi
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Joint Interface ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
High Level ◽  
Osteochondral Regeneration ◽  
Interconnected Pores ◽  
Radiographic Classification

Due to the extremely high incidence of lesions and diseases in aging population, it is critical to put all efforts into developing a successful implant for osteochondral tissue regeneration. Many of the patients undergoing surgery present osteochondral fissure extending until the subchondral bone (corresponding to a IV grade according to the conventional radiographic classification by Berndt and Harty). Therefore, strategies for functional tissue regeneration should also aim at healing the subchondral bone and joint interface, besides hyaline cartilage. With the ambition of contributing to solving this problem, several research groups have been working intensively on the development of tailored implants that could promote that complex osteochondral regeneration. These implants may be manufactured through a wide variety of processes and use a wide variety of (bio)materials. This review aimed to examine the state of the art regarding the challenges, advantages, and drawbacks of the current strategies for osteochondral regeneration. One of the most promising approaches relies on the principles of additive manufacturing, where technologies are used that allow for the production of complex 3D structures with a high level of control, intended and predefined geometry, size, and interconnected pores, in a reproducible way. However, not all materials are suitable for these processes, and their features should be examined, targeting a successful regeneration.

Artificial Osteochondral Interface of Bioactive Fibrous Membranes Mediating Calcified Cartilage Reconstruction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengtao Liu ◽  
Xiurong Ke ◽  
Yuejun Yao ◽  
Fanghui Wu ◽  
Shuo Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Interface Region ◽  
Calcified Cartilage ◽  
Cartilage Reconstruction ◽  
Fibrous Membranes

Calcified cartilage is a mineralized osteochondral interface region between the hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone, whereas there were few reported artificial biomaterials that could offer bioactivities for substantial reconstruction of...

Histological Features of Osteoarthritis in a State of Decompensation

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Timur B. Minasov ◽  
Ekaterina R. Yakupova ◽  
Dilmurod Ruziboev ◽  
Ruslan M. Vakhitov-Kovalevich ◽  
Ruslan F. Khairutdinov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Knee Joint ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Social Significance

Degenerative pathology of the musculoskeletal system is one of the main reasons for decreased mobility in patients of the older age group. Increasing the life expectancy leads to predominance non-epidemic pathology in all developed countries. Therefore, degenerative diseases of musculoskeletal system have not only medical significance but also social significance. Objective is studying the morphological features of synovial environment of the decompensated osteoarthritic (OA) knee joint. Structural features of subchondral bone, hyaline cartilage of the femur and tibia, the articular capsule, menisci and ligamentous apparatus of the knee joint were studied in 64 patients who underwent total knee arthroplasty at the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics Bashkirian State Medical University in the period from 2015 to 2020. Material selection, preparation of histological samples, staining with hematoxylin-eosin, microscopy was performed. Adaptive signs of articular cartilage of the femoral condyles manifest in the form of cartilage tissue rearrangement, which are most pronounced in the central zone of the cartilage. At the same time, the phenomena of decompensation and significant areas of destruction are noted. Also, the subchondral bone was replaced with connective tissue with subsequent sclerosis. This sclerosis subsequently led to the decompensation of structures of the hyaline cartilage in the deep and middle zones. Destructive and dystrophic processes were noted in the knee joint menisci. Articular cartilage was replaced with granulation tissue with subsequent invasion of blood vessels. Cruciate ligaments in patients with OA show signs of adaptation due to expansion of endothenonium layers between bundles of collagen fibers and an increase in the diameter of blood vessels.

scholarly journals Annulus Fibrosus Can Strip Hyaline Cartilage End Plate from Subchondral Bone: A Study of the Intervertebral Disk in Tension

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 360-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Balkovec ◽  
Michael A. Adams ◽  
Patricia Dolan ◽  
Stuart M. McGill
Keyword(s):  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Annulus Fibrosus ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Intervertebral Disk ◽  
End Plate

An Injectable Hydrogel Scaffold With Kartogenin-Encapsulated Nanoparticles for Porcine Cartilage Regeneration: A 12-Month Follow-up Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (13) ◽  
pp. 3233-3244
Author(s):  
Wenqiang Yan ◽  
Xingquan Xu ◽  
Qian Xu ◽  
Ziying Sun ◽  
Zhongyang Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Plga Nanoparticles ◽  
Full Thickness ◽  
Subchondral Bone Tissue

Background: Treatment of cartilage lesions is clinically challenging. A previous study demonstrated that a hyaluronic acid hydrogel ( m-HA) with kartogenin (KGN)-loaded PLGA nanoparticles ( m-HA+KGN treatment) achieved superior cartilage repair in a rabbit model. However, large animals serve as a bridge to translate animal outcomes into the clinic. Hypotheses: (1) m-HA+KGN treatment could facilitate hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone tissue repair in a porcine model. (2) Defect size and type (full-thickness chondral vs osteochondral) influence the therapeutic efficacy of m-HA+KGN treatment. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: 48 minipigs were randomized into 3 treatment groups: m-HA hydrogel with KGN-loaded PLGA nanoparticles ( m-HA+KGN treatment), m-HA hydrogel ( m-HA treatment), and untreated (blank treatment). Full-thickness chondral (6.5 mm or 8.5 mm in diameter) or osteochondral (6.5 mm or 8.5 mm in diameter; 5-mm depth) defects were prepared in the medial femoral condyle. At 6 and 12 months postoperatively, defect repair was assessed by macroscopic appearance, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), micro–computed tomography (µCT), and histologic and biomechanical tests. Results: The m-HA+KGN group exhibited superior gross and histological healing after evaluation at 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Improved quality of the repaired cartilage demonstrated by MRI and better subchondral bone reconstruction assessed by µCT were observed in the m-HA+KGN group. The m-HA+KGN group showed more hyaline-like cartilage exhibited by histological staining in terms of extracellular matrix, cartilage lacuna, and type II collagen. The biomechanical properties were improved in the m-HA+KGN group. With m-HA+KGN treatment, defects with a diameter of 6.5 mm or full-thickness chondral-type defects possessed significantly higher ICRS macroscopic and histological scores compared with diameter 8.5 mm or osteochondral-type defects. Conclusion: (1) m-HA+KGN treatment facilitated hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone tissue repair in a porcine model at the 12-month follow-up. (2) m-HA+KGN treatment demonstrated better therapeutic efficacy in defects with a diameter of 6.5 mm or full-thickness chondral-type defects. Clinical Relevance: This study verified the efficacy of this innovative KGN release system on cartilage repair. The KGN release system can be injected into defect sites arthroscopically. This convenient and minimally invasive operation holds important prospects for clinical application.

Osteoarthritis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Doherty
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Bone Remodelling ◽  
Interphalangeal Joint ◽  
New Bone Formation ◽  
Clinical Phenotypes ◽  
Knee Oa

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disorder of synovial joints and is characterized by the combination of focal hyaline cartilage loss and accompanying subchondral bone remodelling and marginal new bone formation (osteophyte). It has genetic, constitutional, and environmental risk factors and presents a spectrum of clinical phenotypes and outcomes. OA commonly affects just one region (e.g. knee OA, hip OA). However, multiple hand interphalangeal joint OA, usually accompanied by posterolateral firm swellings (nodes), is a marker for a tendency towards polyarticular ‘generalized nodal OA’.

scholarly journals Chondrofibrosis of adolescent hip

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Slavkovic ◽  
Z. Vukasinovic ◽  
N. Slavkovic ◽  
M. Apostolovic ◽  
S. Tomic
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Early Diagnostics ◽  
Long Time

Authors present 420 hips with slipped capital epiphysis treated in the IOHB "Banjica", during the period between 1970 and 2005. Research includes the analysis of incidence, diagnostics and causes which contribute to the genesis of hip chondrofibrosis. Risk factors are shown, as well as the approach to eliminate them. 39 hips in which this complication occurred were individually analyzed. Every hip was separately studied with intent to determine the cause of the condition?s genesis, it?s evolution, treatment and it?s final functionality result. Synovia biopsy was performed in 7 cases, as well as the biopsy of the capsule, articular hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone of the femoral head, which enabled detailed description of both microscopic and macroscopic changes that follow this condition. Regardless of still hypothetical comprehension of the inception of chondrofibrosis, authors clearly state all the risky procedures during treatment that can contribute to the development of chondrofibrosis. The importance of early diagnostics and well-timed treatment are highlighted in this article, for they are crucial. Results of treated hip chondrofibrosis presented here give hope for the destiny of the ill joint, which was considered highly uncertain for a long time.

Regeneration of hyaline-like cartilage and subchondral bone simultaneously by poly(l-glutamic acid) based osteochondral scaffolds with induced autologous adipose derived stem cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (15) ◽  
pp. 2628-2645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunxi Zhang ◽  
Shiming He ◽  
Shifeng Yan ◽  
Guifei Li ◽  
Danqing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Hyaline Cartilage ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Osteochondral Tissue ◽  
Osteochondral Tissue Engineering

Osteochondral tissue engineering is challenged by the difficulty in the regeneration of hyaline cartilage and the simultaneous regeneration of subchondral bone.

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