scholarly journals COVID‐19‐associated immune‐mediated encephalitis mimicking acute‐onset Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Beretta ◽  
Andrea Stabile ◽  
Claudia Balducci ◽  
Jacopo C. DiFrancesco ◽  
Adriana Patruno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Onset ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Jakob Disease

scholarly journals Tics in patients with encephalitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Badenoch ◽  
Tamara Searle ◽  
Iona Watson ◽  
Andrea E. Cavanna
Keyword(s):  
Movement Disorders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Encephalitis Lethargica ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
Aspartate Receptor ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Practical Implications

Abstract Background Movement disorders have been described in the context of different types of encephalitis. Among hyperkinetic manifestations, tics have sporadically been reported in cases of encephalitis resulting from a range of aetiologies. Objective This review aimed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of tics in patients with encephalitis. Methods We conducted a systematic literature review of original studies on the major scientific databases, according to the standards outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results In addition to the established association between tics and encephalitis lethargica, our literature search identified reports of tics in patients with immune-mediated pathologies (including autoimmune encephalitides affecting the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, voltage-gated potassium channels, and glycine receptors) and infective processes (ranging from relatively common viral pathogens, such as herpes simplex, to prions, as in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease). Tics were most commonly reported in the post-encephalitic period and involvement of the basal ganglia was frequently observed. Discussion The association of new-onset tics and encephalitis, in the background of other neuropsychiatric abnormalities, has practical implications, potentially improving the detection of encephalitis based on clinical features. Future research should focus on the categorisation and treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders associated with encephalitis.

scholarly journals Allergic Diseases and Immune-Mediated Food Disorders in Pediatric Acute-Onset Neuropsychiatric Syndrome

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime S. Rosa ◽  
Joseph D. Hernandez ◽  
Janell A. Sherr ◽  
Bridget M. Smith ◽  
Kayla D. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Immune Mediated

scholarly journals Presumed immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia associated with pregnancy in a cat

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 205511691984168
Author(s):  
Matthew A Kopke ◽  
Sarah Pemberton ◽  
Craig G Ruaux
Keyword(s):  
Haemolytic Anaemia ◽  
Cardiac Activity ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Serum Biochemistry ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Large Uterus ◽  
Saline Test

Case summary A 7-year-old female entire Birman presented with acute-onset haemorrhagic vulvar discharge. Moderate, normocytic, normochromic, non-/pre-regenerative anaemia, along with a moderate mature neutrophilia, were seen on haematology. Saline test for agglutination was positive. No haemotropic mycoplasmas were identified. Serum biochemistry revealed severe hyperbilirubinaemia. Retroviral testing was negative. Serology for toxoplasmosis revealed a titre of 1:512. Abdominal ultrasound identified a large uterus, containing at least three advanced-stage fetuses, two of which failed to exhibit independent motion or cardiac activity. Ovariohysterectomy was performed. Histology demonstrated mild, multifocal suppurative placentitis, with Gram staining revealing no evidence of bacteria. Complete resolution of the anaemia was seen within 1.5 months of ovariohysterectomy. Relevance and novel information Immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA) in association with pregnancy has not been previously reported in cats. This case represents a potential novel cause for IMHA in cats, which resolved following ovariohysterectomy.

scholarly journals “Acute onset tetraplegia associated with immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia and suspected secondary intraspinal hemorrhage in a dog”

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1673-1679
Author(s):  
Jasmine S. Lee ◽  
Tara Jane Bellis ◽  
Adam S. Yoskowitz ◽  
Boaz Levitin
Keyword(s):  
Acute Onset ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Intraspinal Hemorrhage

The Application of Clinical, Electrophysiological and Nerve Ultrasound Parameters in Distinguishing Acute-onset Chronic from Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonios Kerasnoudis ◽  
Kallia Pitarokoili ◽  
Ralf Gold ◽  
Min-Suk Yoon ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽  
Nerve Ultrasound ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Early Application ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy ◽  
Ultrasound Parameters

History-taking and nerve conduction studies are fundamental for the diagnosis and assessment of the severity of acute (AIDP) or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). The diagnostic challenge of distinguishing these two immune-mediated subacute polyradiculoneuropathies remains high, as intravenous immunoglobulin and steroids exert short-term clinical improvement in the majority of the CIDP cases, whereas steroids have no effect on AIDP patients. Accordingly, the precise classification of subacute polyradiculoneuropathies significantly affects the early application of steroids in CIDP. This review aims to give a timely update on the application of clinical, electrophysiological and nerve ultrasound parameters in distinguishing subacute CIDP from AIDP.

scholarly journals Imaging and CSF analyses effectively distinguish CJD from its mimics

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Rudge ◽  
Harpreet Hyare ◽  
Alison Green ◽  
John Collinge ◽  
Simon Mead
Keyword(s):  
Lewy Bodies ◽  
Protein Detection ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Final Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Mri ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
The Uk

ObjectiveTo review clinical and investigation findings in patients referred to a specialist prion clinic who were suspected to have sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD) and yet were found to have an alternative final diagnosis.MethodsReview the clinical findings and investigations in 214 patients enrolled into the UK National Prion Monitoring Cohort Study between October 2008 and November 2015 who had postmortem confirmed sCJD and compare these features with 50 patients referred over the same period who had an alternative final diagnosis (CJD mimics).ResultsPatients with an alternative diagnosis and those with sCJD were of similar age, sex and frequency of dementia but CJD mimics had a longer clinical history. Myoclonus, rigidity and hallucinations were more frequent in patients with sCJD but these features were not helpful in classifying individual patients. Alzheimer’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and genetic neurodegenerative disorders were alternative diagnoses in more than half of the CJD mimic cases, and 10% had an immune-mediated encephalopathy; lymphoma, hepatic encephalopathy and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy were seen more than once. Diffusion-weighted MRI was the most useful readily available test to classify cases correctly (92% CJD, 2% CJD mimics). The CSF cell count, 14-3-3 protein detection and S100B were of limited value. A positive CSF RT-QuIC test, introduced during the course of the study, was found in 89% of tested CJD cases and 0% CJD mimics.ConclusionThe combination of diffusion-weighted MRI analysis and CSF RT-QuIC allowed a perfect classification of sCJD versus its mimics in this study.

scholarly journals Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease - a literature review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Sandoval Terra Campos Guelli ◽  
Daniela Bastos de Almeida Zampier ◽  
Lorena Araújo Silva Dias ◽  
Marina de Oliveira Nunes Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Prion Protein ◽  
Neuronal Loss ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Extrapyramidal Signs ◽  
Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Jakob Disease ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
Human Neurodegenerative Disease

Background: Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a progressive, rare, fatal and rapid human neurodegenerative disease that occurs in the etiologies: sporadic (CJD), familial, iatrogenic (CJD) and CJD variant (CJV) in which cell prion protein (PrP) can be transmitted through animals. Objectives: Literature review about Creutzfeldt-Jakob diseaseDesign and setting: Literature review development in the Centro Universitário de Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Methods: The Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, infectious diseases and neuroinfection indexes were used in the PUBMED and Scielo databases. Results:CJD has different etiologies with different clinical and pathological phenotypes. CJDV shows psychiatric behaviors and symptoms followed by abnormalities, ataxia and dementia. The sporadic form is the most common, with a progressive clinical course with generalized brain deposition of abnormal prion protein aggregates (PrPTSE) that leads to spongiform change, gliosis and neuronal loss. CJD progresses to dementia and two or more symptoms: cerebellar or visual impairments; pyramidal or extrapyramidal signs; myoclonus; and akinetic mutism. Complex periods of acute wave in the electroencephalogram (EEG) are strongly suggestive of prionic diseases. Rapidly evolving field neuroimmune disorders have shown an increasing in autoantibody testing; attempt to diagnose a range of immune-mediated conditions. Evidence indicates that diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) is more sensitive for detecting signal abnormalities. Conclusion: The disease progresses to dementia, accompanied by myoclonus, pyramidal signs and characteristic EEG. It is a complex pathology, which has only symptomatic treatment and requires strict control of reservoirs and risk of contamination.

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia in a dachshund bitch – a case report

2017 ◽  
Vol XXII (128) ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
João Otávio Sacchi ◽  
Marilene Machado Silva ◽  
Jessica Crespi Sabadin ◽  
Jessica Naiara Voitena ◽  
Lindomar Fernandes Pessoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Cell Agglutination ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Positive Treatment ◽  
Primary Origin ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Premature Removal

Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia leads to the premature removal of erythrocytes. It is a type 2 hypersensitivity reaction in which erythrocytes are covered by antibodies or complement and are phagocytized in the spleen or lysed within the blood vessels. It is considered of primary origin when the causes of the onset of the disease are unknown, or regarded as secondary when resulting from external antigens. The diagnosis may be therapeutic or based on the direct positive Coombs test in conjunction with laboratory findings, such as moderate to severe variable regeneration anemia, polychromasia, spherocytosis, red blood cell agglutination, hyperbilirubinemia, and hemoglobinuria. Treatment is based on immunosuppressive doses of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as prednisone. This paper reports the case of an acute onset in a dog diagnosed with primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, presenting apathy, dyspnea, pain upon abdominal palpation, splenomegaly and pale mucous membranes. Coombs direct test was positive. Treatment started with prednisone, but as the response was not favorable, other drugs were associated to it. Evolution was unfavorable and the owner opted for euthanasia due to poor prognosis.

scholarly journals Traumatic Blepharitis Including Cutanous Changes with a Clinical Appearance of Immune-Mediated Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Kecova Helga ◽  
Milcic-Matic Natalija ◽  
Lazic Tatjana ◽  
Grozdanic Sinisa
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Clinical Appearance ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Traumatic Origin ◽  
Ulcerative Lesions ◽  
Systemic Examination ◽  
Systemic Antibiotic Treatment

Abstract A four-year-old intact male Labrador retriever was presented with acute onset of ulcerative lesions around both eyes, on the mucocutaneous junctions around the muzzle and nares, and on the lateral aspects of paw pads. All lesions were symmetrical and well demarcated. The rest of ocular and systemic examination was unremarkable. The onset of lesions was acute and coincided with an episode of intense hunting in switchgrass. Similar lesions were present in another dog used in the same hunting trip. The clinical presentation was suggestive of a possible immune-mediated skin disease. However, the patient responded to systemic antibiotic treatment with full recovery without recurrence upon cessation of therapy. Traumatic origin should be included into differential diagnosis of mucocutaneous ulcerative lesions presenting as a possible immune-mediated skin disease.

scholarly journals A juvenilis és felnőttkori dermatomyositises betegek klinikai jellemzői

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (37) ◽  
pp. 1491-1496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orsolya Szalmás ◽  
Melinda Nagy-Vince ◽  
Katalin Dankó ◽  
Flóra Farkas
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Dermatomyositis ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Inflammatory Myopathies ◽  
Proximal Muscle ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Skin Symptoms ◽  
Typical Skin

Introduction: Juvenile and adult dermatomysitis are chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory myopathies characterized by progressive proximal muscle weakness and typical skin symptoms. Aim: To compare the symptoms, laboratory and serological findings, treatment and disease course in children and adults suffering from dermatomyositis. Method: In this retrospective study, juvenile and adult dermatomyositis groups were formed. There were 27 patients with juvenile dermatomyositis (mean age, 8.7 years; mean follow-up time: 104.6 months) and 30 adult patients (mean age, 50.3; mean follow-up time: 58.1 months). Results: In patients with juvenile dermatomyositis, treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and cyclosporine A were more frequent as compared to adult patients. Acute onset of the disease was more frequent in adult patients than in those with juvenile disease. In children symptoms of the disease developed gradually. Conclusions: The findings confirm previously published data showing that there are differences between juvenile and adult patients with dermatomyositis. The authors recommend to follow the patients regularly after reaching remission to avoid bad patient compliance and decrease the number and severity of relapses. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(37), 1491–1496.

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