Molecular evolution of plastoms of different higher plants - plastid-DNA-polymorphism and cross-hybridization

1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-42
Author(s):  
F. Baldauf ◽  
W. Tröbner ◽  
K. Steiner ◽  
K. Fritzsche ◽  
M. Metzlaff
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Dna Polymorphism ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Cross Hybridization

Calreticulin molecular evolution: a strong purifying and episodic diversifying selection result

Biologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rigers Bakiu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Purifying Selection ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Diversifying Selection ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Weight Protein ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Protein

AbstractCalreticulin (CRT) is a low molecular weight protein present in vertebrates, invertebrates and higher plants. Its multiple functions have been demonstrated. It plays an important role as a chaperone and Ca2+ buffer inside sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum (SR/ER), and outside the ER in many physiological/pathological processes. Recently it has been observed that CRT over-expression or its absence is linked to various pathological conditions, such as malignant evolution and progression, and these facts really increased its study interests. Using an evolution approach CRT was further characterized. Several Bayesian phylogenetic analyses were performed using coding and amino acid sequences. CRT molecular evolution was investigated for the presence of negative or/and positive selection using HyPhy package. The results indicated that the purifying selection might have operated over the whole CRT primary structure. Although, an episodic diversifying selection was also found on the analyzed CRT sequences.

Plastid DNA polymerases from higher plants, Arabidopsis thaliana

2005 ◽  
Vol 334 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Mori ◽  
Seisuke Kimura ◽  
Ai Saotome ◽  
Nobuyuki Kasai ◽  
Norihiro Sakaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Dna Polymerases ◽  
Plastid Dna

Hypervariable plastid locus variation and intron evolution in the Anacamptis palustris lineage

Genome ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 999-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Cozzolino ◽  
Donata Cafasso ◽  
Giuseppe Pellegrino ◽  
Aldo Musacchio ◽  
Alex Widmer
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Tandem Repeat ◽  
Sequence Variation ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Intron Evolution ◽  
Repeat Type ◽  
Group A ◽  
Anacamptis Palustris ◽  
Large Survey

Data on the organization of a hypervariable chloroplast locus in the Anacamptis palustris (Orchidaceae) lineage are provided and used to infer the pattern of molecular evolution in this group. A large survey of sequence variation in A. palustris and allied taxa reveals several repeat types differing in number and organization that occur in the same plastid region. The resulting repeat type network suggests that at least seven different minisatellite loci evolved near each other in the tRNALEU intron and indicates the presence of at least three main phyletic lines in the A. palustris lineage.Key words: Anacamptis palustris, intron evolution, plastid DNA, tandem repeat, VNTRs.

scholarly journals On the Edge of Dispensability, the Chloroplast ndh Genes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 12505
Author(s):  
Bartolomé Sabater
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Ndh Genes ◽  
Selection Of

The polypeptides encoded by the chloroplast ndh genes and some nuclear genes form the thylakoid NADH dehydrogenase (Ndh) complex, homologous to the mitochondrial complex I. Except for Charophyceae (algae related to higher plants) and a few Prasinophyceae, all eukaryotic algae lack ndh genes. Among vascular plants, the ndh genes are absent in epiphytic and in some species scattered among different genera, families, and orders. The recent identification of many plants lacking plastid ndh genes allows comparison on phylogenetic trees and functional investigations of the ndh genes. The ndh genes protect Angiosperms under various terrestrial stresses, maintaining efficient photosynthesis. On the edge of dispensability, ndh genes provide a test for the natural selection of photosynthesis-related genes in evolution. Variable evolutionary environments place Angiosperms without ndh genes at risk of extinction and, probably, most extant ones may have lost ndh genes recently. Therefore, they are evolutionary endpoints in phylogenetic trees. The low number of sequenced plastid DNA and the long lifespan of some Gymnosperms lacking ndh genes challenge models about the role of ndh genes protecting against stress and promoting leaf senescence. Additional DNA sequencing in Gymnosperms and investigations into the molecular mechanisms of their response to stress will provide a unified model of the evolutionary and functional consequences of the lack of ndh genes.

scholarly journals Analysis of plastid DNA-like sequences within the nuclear genomes of higher plants

1998 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 738-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Ayliffe ◽  
N. S. Scott ◽  
J. N. Timmis
Keyword(s):  
Higher Plants ◽  
Plastid Dna ◽  
Nuclear Genomes

Expression of the Mitochondrial Locus Associated with Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Petunia

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamay Izhar ◽  
Maureen Hanson ◽  
Nurit Firon
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Evolution ◽  
Homologous Recombination ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Dna Recombination ◽  
Mitochondrial Atpase ◽  
Recombination Mechanism ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Sequence Of Events

The main goal of the proposed research was to continue the mutual investigations into the molecular basis of CMS and male fertility restoration [MRF], with the ultimate goal of understanding these phenomena in higher plants. The experiments focused on: (1) dissecting apart the complex CMS - specific mitochondrial S-Pcf locus, in order to distinguish its essential parts which cause sterility from other parts and study its molecular evolution. (2) Studying the expression of the various regions of the S-Pcf locus in fertile and sterile lines and comparing the structure and ultrastructure of sterile and fertile tissues. (3) Determine whether alteration in respiration is genetically associated with CMS. Our mutual investigations further substantiated the association between the S-Pcf locus and CMS by the findings that the fertile phenotype of a population of unstable petunia somatic hybrids which contain the S-Pcf locus, is due to the presence of multiple muclear fertility restoration genes in this group of progenies. The information obtained by our studies indicate that homologous recombination played a major role in the molecular evolution of the S-Pcf locus and the CMS trait and in the generation of mitochondrial mutations in general. Our data suggest that the CMS cytoplasm evolved by introduction of a urs-s containing sublimon into the main mitochondrial genome via homologous recombination. We have also found that the first mutation detected so far in S-Pcf is a consequence of a homologous recombination mechanism involving part of the cox2 coding sequence. In all the cases studied by us, at the molecular level, we found that fusion of two different cells caused mitochondrial DNA recombination followed by sorting out of a specific mtDNA population or sequences. This sequence of events suggested as a mechanism for the generation of novel mitochondrial genomes and the creation of new traits. The present research also provides data concerning the expression of the recombined and complex CMS-specific S-Pcf locus as compared with the expression of additional mitochondrial proteins as well as comparative histological and ultrastructural studies of CMS and fertile Petunia. Evidence is provided for differential localization of mitochondrially encoded proteins in situ at the tissue level. The similar localization patterns of Pcf and atpA may indicate that Pcf product could interfere with the functioning of the mitochondrial ATPase in a tissue undergoing meiosis and microsporogenesis. Studies of respiration in CMS and fertile Petunia lines indicate that they differe in the partitioning of electron transport through the cytochrome oxidase and alternative oxidase pathways. The data indicate that the electron flux through the two oxidase pathways differs between mitochondria from fertile and sterile Petunia lines at certain redox states of the ubiquinone pool. In summary, extensive data concerning the CMS-specific S-Pcf locus of Petunia at the DNA and protein levels as well as information concerning different biochemical activity in CMS as compared to male fertile lines have been accumulated during the three years of this project. In addition, the involvement of the homologous recombination mechanism in the evolution of mt encoded traits is emphasized.

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