An Attempt to Correlate the Histological Changes in the Anterior Hypophysis and Adrenal Glands in Various Diseases in Man

2008 ◽  
pp. 396-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Currie ◽  
T. Symington
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Anterior Hypophysis

scholarly journals The influence of long term sound stress on histological structure of broiler’s adrenal glands

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1613-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Zikic ◽  
G. Uscebrka ◽  
D. Gledic ◽  
M. Lazarevic ◽  
S. Stojanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Fire Alarm ◽  
Interrenal Cells

The aim of this paper is to examine the effect of different sound stress duration on adrenal gland of broiler chickens of different age. The experiments were conducted on 90 HYBRO broiler chickens, divided into nine groups (each group consisting of 10 birds) by different age and lenght of sound stress duration. The chickens were exposed to sound stress in sound attenuated building using a fire alarm bell (95 dB) for stress sessions lasted 120 min every day. The histological structure of adrenal gland was analyzed by light microscopy. The results indicate that adrenal gland is sensitive on this kind of stress and sound as stressor could introduce organism in stress reaction. Adrenal glands of broilers exposed to sound stress characterized by marked hyperemia, hypertrophy of interrenal cells, smaller affinity for staining of chromaffin cells compared with control groups. According to our results, degree of histological changes of adrenal gland under the influence of sound stress depends on the length of exposure and age of chickens.

THE ADRENAL CORTEX AND THE EFFECT OF ACTH AND CORTISONE IN SCORBUTIC GUINEA-PIGS

1959 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. HOWARD ◽  
D. B. CATER
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Zona Fasciculata ◽  
Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Absolute Weight ◽  
Middle Stage ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Normal Controls

SUMMARY 1. Adrenal glands of guinea-pigs with avitaminosis-C and hypovitaminosis-C were examined and compared with those of normal controls fed on diets containing ascorbic acid as well as with pair-fed controls kept on restricted food intakes. Guinea-pigs with avitaminosis-C were also injected with either adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) or cortisone and compared with normal controls or pair-fed controls similarly injected. 2. Adrenals of animals with avitaminosis-C increased in absolute (20%) and relative weight (120%). The number of mitoses increased fourfold in the middle stage and tenfold in the terminal stage of the deficiency. The zona fasciculata contained many lipid-free, hyperplastic and dividing cells. Cortisone prevented the increase in weight and in mitoses and also the histological changes. Administration of ACTH to guinea-pigs with early avitaminosis increased the mitoses fourfold, but when given to normal guinea-pigs mitoses increased sevenfold. Histological changes were similar to those seen in advanced avitaminosis. 3. In the adrenals of animals with hypovitaminosis-C, neither the absolute weight nor the number of mitoses were greater than normal but the relative weight of the glands was doubled. 4. It is concluded that the increase in adrenal weight which occurred in avitaminosis-C was the result of a hyperplastic response to high levels of endogenous ACTH known to be present in the blood of deficient animals.

ADMINISTRATION OF CORTISONE TO THE PREGNANT RAT. EFFECTS ON THE LYMPHOID TISSUE OF THE OFFSPRING

1965 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Angervall ◽  
Per M. Lundin
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Newborn Animals ◽  
Foetal Blood

ABSTRACT The lymphoid tissue of newborn rats from mothers treated during pregnancy by adrenalectomy or various doses of cortisone was studied morphologically. The size of the adrenal glands of the newborn was used as a morphological indicator of the amount of cortisone circulating in the foetal blood. Only the highest dose used – 4.5 mg cortisone daily to the pregnant rat from the 13th day of pregnancy to parturition significantly reduced the size of the thymus in newborn animals. Adrenalectomy induced a slight but significant hyperplasia of the thymus of the newborn. Histologically the thymus cortex appeared to be thinner after the highest dose of cortisone and thicker after adrenalectomy. This high dose of cortisone increased the size of the spleen of the newborn but no definite histological changes were observed in any of the experimental groups as compared with the spleen of the controls. It is concluded that the rat foetal lymphoid tissue is less sensitive to cortisone than that of the adult rat.

SEX DIMORPHISM IN THE ADRENAL OF HAMSTERS

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 550-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Zieger ◽  
B. Lux ◽  
B. Kubatsch
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Function ◽  
Sex Dimorphism ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Zona Reticularis ◽  
Steroid Secretion ◽  
Golden Hamsters ◽  
Syrian Golden Hamsters

ABSTRACT The adrenals of the hamster differ in many respects from those of other mammals that have been studied so far. The higher weight and the higher steroid secretion of the male adrenal are conspicuous features. The adrenals of 144 Syrian golden hamsters between the 1st and 12th week of life were studied histologically and histometrically in order to see whether these sex differences also show up in the morphology of the adrenals. Histologically in both sexes a typical zonation in glomerulosa and fasciculata could be observed from the 2nd week onwards. Both zones consist of compact cells. Already at the end of the 4th week in some sections, sex-specific differences are found. From the 5th week up to the end of our experiment these differences are so pronounced that it is possible with 100% accuracy to determine the sex of the animal from the appearance of the adrenal: the zona reticularis of the female adrenal shows a higher cellularity than in the male adrenal. In males on the other hand, the cells are arranged less densely and development of intracellular vacuoles in the adjacent fasciculata and in the zona reticularis are seen. The histilogical sex differences are significant from the end of the 4th week up to the end of our study. Parallel with the histological changes a difference in the weights of the adrenals begins to appear from the 4th week onwards. The male adrenal glands are heavier than those of females. This weight difference can be confirmed statistically from the 6th week onwards. The studies provided a morphological basis for the reticularis of the adrenals of golden hamsters for the sex-specific function and weight.

FAMILIAL ADRENOCORTICAL HYPOPLASIA WITH EARLY CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL SIGNS OF MINERALOCORTICOID DEFICIENCY (HYPOALDOSTERONISM)

1977 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 605-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knud E. Petersen ◽  
Inge Tygstrup ◽  
Erik Thamdrup
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Plasma Renin Activity ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Corticosterone Secretion ◽  
Adrenal Hypoplasia

ABSTRACT Biochemical investigations in a boy with a salt losing syndrome revealed a very low secretion of aldosterone which did not rise during salt deprivation, in spite of a normal rise in plasma renin activity. Cortisol secretion was normal - but subsequently decreased, while the corticosterone secretion was high. The patient was studied at the age of 5 weeks, 3 months and also at the age of 8 months. He survived until the age of 18 months on treatment with sodium chloride and DOCA, but did not receive glucocorticoids. At autopsy the adrenal glands were absent, but in fat tissue from the upper renal poles foetal adrenal cortex tissue was found. The histological picture agrees well with other cases which could be designated as "foetal-cortex-only" adrenal hypoplasia. The same histological changes were demonstrated in the boy's brother who died suddenly at the age of 6 weeks. The boy's testes were advanced in maturation to a stage of about ten years: spermatocytes and Leydig cells were present.

Chronic Laser Exposure Effects on Rabbit Retina

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
Burton B. Silver ◽  
Theodore Lawwill
Keyword(s):  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Laser Light ◽  
Broad Band ◽  
Argon Laser ◽  
Atropine Sulfate ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Laser Exposure ◽  
Rabbit Retina ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Threshold Doses

Dutch-belted 1 to 2.5 kg anesthetized rabbits were exposed to either xenon or argon laser light administered in a broad band, designed to cover large areas of the retina. For laser exposure, the pupil was dilated with atropine sulfate 1% and pheny lephrine 10%. All of the laser generated power was within a band centered at 5145.0 Anstroms. Established threshold for 4 hour exposures to laser irradiation are in the order of 25-35 microwatts/cm2. Animals examined for ultrastructural changes received 4 hour threshold doses. These animals exhibited ERG, opthalmascopic, and histological changes consistent with threshold damage.One month following exposure the rabbits were killed with pentobarbitol. The eyes were immediately enucleated and dissected while bathed in 3% phosphate buffered gluteraldehyde.

Fusion and Fission Processes in Exocytosis: Possible Roles for Synexin and Osmotic Lysis in the Two Events

1980 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 594-597
Author(s):  
H.B. Pollard ◽  
C.E. Creutz ◽  
C.J. Pazoles ◽  
J.H. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Extracellular Calcium ◽  
Large Protein ◽  
Granule Membrane ◽  
Osmotic Lysis ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Chemical Evidence

Exocytosis is a general concept describing secretion of enzymes, hormones and transmitters that are otherwise sequestered in intracellular granules. Chemical evidence for this concept was first gathered from studies on chromaffin cells in perfused adrenal glands, in which it was found that granule contents, including both large protein and small molecules such as adrenaline and ATP, were released together while the granule membrane was retained in the cell. A number of exhaustive reviews of this early work have been published and are summarized in Reference 1. The critical experiments demonstrating the importance of extracellular calcium for exocytosis per se were also first performed in this system (2,3), further indicating the substantial service given by chromaffin cells to those interested in secretory phenomena over the years.

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