Implementation of IoT in Healthcare

The progressive research in the field of internet of things provides a platform to develop high performance and robust automated systems to control external devices via internet data transfer and cloud computing. The present emerging IoT research including user-friendly and easily-wearable sensors and signal acquisition techniques have made it possible to expand the IoT application areas towards healthcare sector. This chapter aims at providing a rationale behind development of IoT applications in healthcare, architecture details of internet of healthcare things (IoHT), and highlights a step-by-step development of IoT-based heart rate measurement and monitoring system using Arduino. The developed module has been advanced to transmit data over the internet on the ThingSpeak channel to allow remote monitoring in real time. This may help to improve/restore useful life among cardiac patients via real-time monitoring through remote locations.

Internet of Things-Based Architecture of Web and Smart Home Interface

Internet has revolutionized the technological era, which has a significant impact on us by making communication much better not only with the living beings but also with non-living things through the medium of internet of things (IoT). Thus, this topic highlights how internet of things can minimize user intervention in controlling home appliances and monitoring its setting. Integrating IoT with cloud computing and web service helps us in providing feasibility in accessing home appliances (i.e., monitoring appliances and measuring home condition). The whole process of integration aims to create an intelligent system. Thus, smart home is one of the application of IoT aimed at improving comfort, safety, and wellbeing within our homes.

IoT in Education

Internet of things (IoT) is an emerging technology that is looked upon as a technology that can bring positive changes in development of the society. Using IoT, humans and things embedded with sensors, actuators, and other hardware can communicate in an intelligent manner, thus creating a sea of innovative ideas which can make life easy, simple, and smart. IoT has touched upon different areas such as healthcare, home security, and agriculture. In this chapter, the authors give an insight about the technology and its applications in various fields. The major focus is on emerging trends in education and potential applications of IoT in the field of education. IoT can bring a major shift in traditional educational practices and make the teaching-learning process more effective by actively engaging learners. Use of IoT devices can also help teachers in deciding their future plan of action and giving more attention to the slow learners. This chapter also highlights the challenges that this technology faces in the education sector.

Intelligent Health Vigilance System Using Internet of Things (IoT)

Internet of things (IoT) is a technology that is constantly progressing and finding new applications. It is making its way into enormous sectors. One such sector where IoT has entered is healthcare. This sector is one of the most vital sectors of world. Health of each and every individual should be given utmost priority. Any person who is unwell requires vigilance. The patients in hospital are always kept under vigilance. The healthcare sector constantly strives to keep on finding new ways and methods to improve and upgrade the current methods used for vigilance of patients. The use of IoT in healthcare sector can drastically change the way this sector works now. In this chapter, the concept of IoT shall be explained in detailed. Along with it, the current vigilance system and methods used in healthcare will be stated and viewed. In addition, a detailed demonstration through case studies explaining the use of IoT in healthcare sector will also be presented in this chapter.

Customizable Multipurpose Nodes Based on Internet of Things for Various Applications

It is a common saying that science is just a philosophy without precise engineering. Available monitoring systems for real-time monitoring of space, goods, or life stocks are either too complex or too costly for the majority of the population to operate so users have to revert back to visual inspection, which results in increased human effort. The proposed model works on internet of things-based technology for more accurate and secure real-time-based monitoring made accessible to the general public. Each node primarily contains an entire network of electronic sensors to measure the environmental parameter. Due to its compact size, this device is capable of deployment over remote areas. Older modules were mostly manual and could only be engaged for a singular task, but the proposed network of nodes is fully customizable and with minor changes can be used for a task that is entirely different from the other.

Temperature and Humidity Sensors With Arduino and Android

Future internet will not only comprise computers and computing things but also everything else. IoT is one of the emerging technologies. This chapter explores different kinds of temperature and humidity sensors, their specifications, usefulness, and prospective applications. Arduino boards are also explained in detail. This chapter explores the working principle and applications of different types of humidity sensors. The chapter contains the specification of common temperature and humidity sensors, pinout diagram, and schematic of the interconnection of sensors with Arduino Uno microcontroller. Working and interfacing of the ESP8266 wifi module are also explained. The chapter also provides the architecture and code examples of Android app for sensor data view and manipulation.

Internet of Things and Location-Based Services

The progressive rise of mobile computing devices and wireless networks have created a lot of interest in location-based systems and services. The involvement of internet applications in almost every field has changed our lives. Location-based services are the services provided to mobile users according to their geographic locations. Each user wants to get the service according to his/her own interest. The general user's actions in location-based services are locating, searching, navigating, identification, and checking. The location identification has now become a critical attribute. Today, internet of things in the field of location-based services (LBS) provide services to the mobile users by explore the location depending on the geographical coordinates for their valuable needs. Mobile phones that are equipped with new technologies and supported by the presence and development of broadband mobile data networks have created new opportunities for the processing of location-based applications.

IoT Impact and Challenges on Robotic Waiters in Automation of Restaurants and Hotels

In China and Japan robots are used to serve in restaurants to serve or to just greet the customer. In restaurants robots need to understand the environment and make decisions accordingly, like changing the route if it finds any obstacle in between. To have this capability of making decisions and behaving like humans, robots need information from different sources from which they can understand the change in environment, position of other robots, and also the path to the destination. This can be done by integrating robots with IoT technology that allow the enhancement in the capabilities in robotic waiter. IoT also helps in monitoring the working parts of robots and movements. This chapter aims to discuss the real-time challenges and impact of IoT on robotics services in restaurants and hotels.

Low-Power High-Performance Tunnel FET With Analysis for IoT Applications

The emerging tunnel FET is analysed in terms of ON-state current, OFF-state current, subthreshold slope, switching capacitance to explore its applications for smaller size low-power high-speed digital and memory applications that are an integral part of portable intelligent devices for IoT applications. A large portion of IoT systems are associated with these embedded SRAM/DRAM memories that contribute to a major portion of power dissipation in systems-on-chip (SoCs) or digital design. Several SRAM cell-based memory designs with TFET structures are compared to focus their applications. The ambilpolar nature of TFET structures are investigated for highly random, unclonable secured hardware systems. New circuit designs with TFET were explored for turn-on voltage reduction, ON-state resistance reduction, and reverse leakage reduction techniques that plays an important role in designing efficient energy-harvesting systems.

Integrating IOT-Commodity Cameras Through LoRaWAN

IoT devices and their applications are supporting humankind in almost all domains. This chapter explores LoRaWAN and proposes to integrate the commodity cameras installed at the security points of most of the gates to residential areas. LoRaWAN is a media access control (MAC) protocol for wide area networks and it has been opted for its functional and architectural scalability. The intelligent inputs are transferred from the commodity cameras to the data concentrators (DC), on edge-based computing, the DC can transfer this input to fog, cloud, remote servers for machine learning integrations. This chapter demonstrates the basic architectural framework of the said implementation. However, the detailed implementation and prototype is beyond the scope of this chapter. The chapter has however demonstrated the architecture. The features of the commodity cameras have been listed that can serve as the feed to the concentrators that shall enable alarm generations at the local and remote policing sites.