The Implications of Unethical and Illegal Behavior in the World of E-Commerce

The main focus of this chapter is to identify the behaviors of the consumers and sellers of e-commerce in Bahrain. It also seeks to understand the ethical and legal issues faced by the users of e-commerce and the various reasons for such behavior. The perception of the consumers regarding online retailers discussed through appropriate measures and research data. The chapter clearly explains the historical development of e-commerce in Bahrain and the processes and procedures of setting up an online business in the country. The common legal and ethical issues faced by the consumers discussed in detail and supported by different models to understand user behavior. The research onion method used to gather quantitative and qualitative data. The primary data collected through questionnaires and interviews whereas the secondary data collected through literature. The data analysis shows the results of the mixed method supported by different graphs and models. The different recommendations provided to solve the most prevalent problems confronted by the buyers and the sellers of e-commerce.

Ethical Programs for Patients in Bahrain

2030 vision for the kingdom seeks to promote Bahrain as a healthcare destination. New private hospitals have entered the health service industry. This leads competition to soar. Patient care has become a priority. The need to acquire accreditation for health services rendered by hospitals accentuates the importance of maintaining international standards in term of quality and cost. The purpose of the study is to reflect on the development of ethical resolutions, procedures, policies, and programs to enhance and to improve healthcare by National Health Regulatory Authority (NHRA). The study employs qualitative analysis of literature in relation to the evolution of ethical programs for health professionals in general and for patients at hospitals in Bahrain.

The Role of Auditing Firms in Promoting Ethical Consumerism

This research examines the roles of auditing firms to spread ethical awareness. Auditing firms' roles can also enhance understanding of business companies regarding ethical consumerism. This can be accomplished by assisting businesses to develop their own ethical programs. The programs can enable companies to achieve profit and maintain desirable reputation in relation to investors, employees, and customers. Qualitative research is employed in this research. Based on snowballing technique, six in-depth interviews and two more telephone interviews were conducted. The findings of the research show that auditing firms are not familiar with the issue of ethical consumerism to promote. Businesses have not approached auditing firms to aid them in developing their own ethical programs. Such aid is not seen by auditing firms however as prohibited non-auditing services.

Anti-Money Laundering Practices and Ethical Consumerism

There is no doubt that ethics is important to businesses. Managers can enhance their business reputation and increase customer satisfaction by acting ethically. Interestingly, the concern of ethics goes beyond businesses' practices to customers role in making an ethical purchasing decision. This phenomenon is known as ethical consumerism that show the way consumers view products and organizations based on their ethical concerns. The importance of studying ethics in the financial sector is emphasized in previous studies. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the importance of implementing ethical practices by businesses that positively influence customers decision to choose their products or/and services. A case study of one of the leading Bahraini banks demonstrates the importance of implementing anti-money laundry (AML) on ethical consumerism.

Ethical Consumerism in Financial Institutions

There has been a rise in the concept of ethical consumerism in various sectors of the economy. This chapter examines ethical consumerism in the Bahrain banking sector by analyzing customer surveys and annual reports from seven commercial banks. The findings show limited evidence of ethical consumerism in supply and demand. This chapter also documents challenges faced by banks and customers in ethical, social, and environmental decision making and operations. Finally, the results enhance the understanding of ethical consumerism in financial institutions.

Ethical Consumerism in Kingdom of Bahrain

Today, with the growing number of consumers caring about where products come from, companies need to be at the forefront of this upward trend if they want to maintain their profit. In this chapter the authors presented an overview of ethical consumerism in the kingdom of Bahrain. They also highlighted how societal and cultural shifts have influenced Bahraini consumerism over time. The chapter begins by discussing the debatable origins of ethical consumerism since longtime. Throughout the chapter, there is an emphasis on the importance of the ethical consumerism to achieve sustainability target, with particular attention to how ethical consumerism gives a competitive advantage to the organization. The chapter shows also how organizational transparency is a strategic key to build trust and influence costumers' behavior. The chapter also argues that government support is important to influence ethical consumerism by creating laws and policies.

The Effect of Demographic Factors of Consumers Online Shopping Behavior in a GCC University

This study aims to investigate the effect of certain demographic factors of Gulf Cooperation Council countries' (GCC) university students and staff in using online shopping. The study attempts to hypothesize and measure the features that affect the growth of the e-shopping trend in a GCC. The results indicate that education has a large influence on e-shopping use. Gender did not appear to be a significant factor, but consumer income significantly impacts the online shopping of consumers. The results also suggested a positive relationship between online trust and online purchase intention. Additionally, there is a relationship between the ability to use the internet and the online shopping of consumers. Therefore, the more consumers are capable of using the internet, the more online shopping users there will be. The study also suggests that online retailers need to provide competitive prices and user-friendly websites.

Ethical Green Consumerism of Energy in Bahrain

Since ethical green consumerism plays a vital role in stemming global warming, the vast amount of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) produced in Bahrain has started to bring several ethical and moral issues. As a developing country, the population of Bahrain has lately increased rapidly driving more consumption for energy. In addition, as a tiny economy that aims at improving human quality of life, the use of energy has also been doubled in order to boost economic growth, where the focus on energy efficiency and conservation have been neglected. To tackle this issue, this study provides a review on energy consumption behavior and GHG emissions in Bahrain including sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon dioxide (CO2), and particulate matters (PM). The key findings empathize that Bahrain's per capita CO2 emissions were twice the average of the high-income country, and almost five times higher than the world average. Therefore, a significant technological and mental shift towards ethical green consumerism is required.

Fair Trade and Ethical Consumerism

Fair trade is directed toward enhancing the satisfaction of stakeholders (i.e., producers, employees, consumers, environmental interest groups, and others). Ethical consumerism employs fair trade to fulfill different objectives related to consumers, environmental, and human resources issues. Fair trade can uphold ethical consumerism as well. This chapter attempts to highlight the interwoven relationship between fair trade and ethical consumerism. The chapter argues that ethical consumerism and fair trade are inseparable. Benefits and beneficiaries of ethical consumerism and fair-trade overlap. Gender issues reflecting women's work and employment are discussed as a reflection of fair trade. Policy recommendations on gender issues are stated at the end of the chapter.