The study focused on the abrasion resistance of beech wood thermally treated at high temperatures. A standard test for determining abradability, according to ISO 4649, was used. We studied factors such as the anatomical direction, temperature of treatment, and duration of treatment, as well as their effects on abrasion resistance performance. Four temperature levels (20 °C, 160 °C, 180 °C, and 200 °C) and three durations of treatment (1 h, 3 h, and 5 h) were used. Results showed that the anatomical direction was not a significant factor, but there was a strong influence of temperature and duration of treatment, respectively, on abrasion resistance. Due to a strong correlation between moisture content and abrasion resistance, the equilibrium moisture content of thermally treated wood could be used for the prediction of abrasion resistance