Building a culture of tolerance during early childhood in the kindergartens of Saudi Arabia - Rea-sonings and methods: A descriptive study with a proposed methodology

The research aimed to find a methodology that can be proposed to build a culture of tolerance through the daily programs of kindergarten in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, to clarify the justification for build-ing that culture, and to identify the methods that reinforce it. The researcher used the descriptive ap-proach for that by implementing the “Delphi” instrument to identify the reasons for and the dimensions of the proposed methodology that has been achieved in this research which includes the philosophy of the proposed methodology, its objectives, its importance, its justifications and dimensions in early childhood (such as attitude and manners, kindergarten activities and the role of kindergarten teacher in building a culture of tolerance, acceptance of others and coexistence wiht other children. Keywords: tolerance - accepting others - early childhood - peaceful coexistence - Kindergarten

Social representations of parents about kindergarten

The Study attempted to identily the most important representations Parents held in their mind towards kindergartens, as demanstrated by technical network up Anna waria de Rosa (1995). The sample cansisteal of 39 Parents of kindergaoten children. The results showed that the parents looked up at kindergarten as an educatiansl and peda-gogical institution, and they held positive attitudes towrds it, as it was illustrateal by the oufcome of the study.

Dental Treatment Phobia and Its Relationship with Temperament Among Children

The aim of this study was to identify the percentage of dental phobia among children, and its relartionship with temperament of children. The analytical descriptive methodology was used with two instruments: Dental phobia questionnaire and child temperament scale. The sample included (393) outpatient children in dental clinics of Aleppo University in the academic year of 2017-2018. The children aged between 6-13 years. The findings indicated that the mean of dental phobia was 31.5 while high level of dental phobia was 49.11. The dental phobia was significantly higher among females than among males. On the other hand, there were significantly positive correlation between dental phobia and the following factors: Activity, resistance, mood quality, distractibility, and negative correlation between dental phobia and the following factors: regular-ity, first reaction (approach), and adaptability.

The children is rights in the textbooks of Social Studies and Citizenship in general education in the light of the Universal Declaration of the Rights of the Child and The Privacy of Saudi Society

The Petrpose of the study was to focus on exploring children is rights that are implicit in Social Studies and Citizenship textbooks in the Saudi general education, in the light of the Universal Declaration of the Rights of the Child, as well as to know level of sequence and integration of children is rights, inordbr to build a matrix of the range and sequence of children is rights in the textbooks of Social Studies and Citizenship in the general Saudi education. The study applied the descriptive analytical method and used content analysis Reliability and validity for the tool was a chieved .The results of the study led to a list of 97 items the representing Rights of The Child, it’s number is (97) distributed to (8) domains. In addition, the results of content analysis revealed that children‘s rights were not balanced, insufficient and varies in the books of Social Studies and Citizenship. Also the results showed big varies between child rights domains in sequence level in three books range between (0.72%-10.07%). Also, the results showed there were no integration between child rights and domains in three books, where the Chi-Square Value was (48) not statistically significant at (α ≤ 0,05). In view of this, a model for the matrix of the range and sequence of the rights of child and Privacy of Saudi Society were designed in the books of Social Studies and Citizenship books. Based on the findings of the study, a set of relevant recommendations were suggested. Keywords: Content Analysis, Children Rights, Universal Declaration, Social Studies and Citizenship Textbooks, Saudi General Education.