Deteção de bias num acórdão jurídico

The present work analyses a legal judgment, with the aim of assessing if, in it, there are marks of its authors’ subjectivity (a collective of judges). We intend, therefore, to verify if the judges responsible for the judgment leave traces of their position, especially in the reasoning part, which is constituted by the arguments of the judges to justify their final decision - note that legal judgments are a part of the legal discourse (free of subjectivity). For that, the judgement will be analyzed according to five categories, which represent linguistic mechanisms to express subjective language: polyphony; polyphonic negation; intensifiers and minimizers; expressions with (positive or negative) semantic polarity and, finally, expressions with modal values. The results obtained al- low us to state that, even though they are not always completely explicit, these mechanisms are used to convey the opinions of the collective of judges, whose position goes in the direction of excusing the offender, while disbelieving the voice of the victim.

Análise da textualização publicitária turístico-hoteleira em Moçambique: descrevendo os mecanismos de construção argumentativa

This paper aims to analyse and describe the devices of tourism and hotel advertising textualization in Mozambique. It is a qualitative approach combined with pragmatic methods and Discourse Analysis. The corpus was selected from Facebook pages of tourism and hotel institutions, using the following categories as criteria: dialogism; polyphony; intertextuality; autonomic modal- ity; and the reinforcing illocutionary devices. Dialogism is on the top of textual relations; it recov- ers the polyphony and intertextuality notions. The polyphony recovers intertextuality, and the last manifests itself in varied forms, explicit or implicit, maintaining a relationship with other discursive genres. The autonomic modality is uncommon in advertising discourse, but certain typographi- cal variations in that discourse may be indicators of autonomic modality. These changes occur in the discourse and are characterized by colour and size differences of the words or changes of up- percase to lowercase in the same discourse. The advertising discourse is marked by the reinforcing illocutionary devices, which occurs by using of intensity adverb “more” followed by other lexical elements: adverbs, adjectives and verbs.

Polémica e humor: interfaces possíveis na crónica de Juma Aiuba

In the chronicle The “Past-perfect” of life, (O “pretérito mais-que-perfeito” da vida), Juma Aiuba inscribes his speech in two isotopies, i.e. the case of hidden debts and the pandemic of the new coronavirus. This writing model proves to be challenging to discourse analysis, even because it arouses interest in understanding the author’s standard and the enunciator’s marks. In the integrated perspective of Jean-Michel Adam (2001), to the light of the multiple categories, we analyze for the purpose of helping define the standard of JA’s writing and discuss polemics and humor as “connivent” discursive categories in opinionated aspect. From the analysis, it is concluded that JA’s text is inscribed in the ‘polemic discourse’ genre, asserting itself of the polemic-humoristic argumentative modality. For this purpose, the dissent and the ‘surprise effect’ present in his textual production contribute. In this context, the author contributes to the construction of democracy and citizenship in Mozambique, using the dichotomization, negative polarity, and other dialogical categories in the construction of a discourse of social intervention.

Estratégias discursivas na construção do espírito nacionalista: a Hungria ‘de’ Viktor Orbán

Populism, not only as an ideology but also as a political movement, has been gaining supporters and occupying a prominent position in Europe and the world. Exploring “crises (eco- nomic, social, political, religious, etc.)”, (Galito, 2017: 13), the populist movement already occupies the main political positions in many countries, where we see arise leaders like Donald Trump, Jair Bolsonaro, Boris Johnson and Viktor Orbán, to name just a few. Their rhetoric is characterized by the exploration of the Good-Evil dichotomy, in association with the opposition Self/Us-Other and by resorting to Aristotelian pathos, where argumentative discourses are guided by arguments based on the emotion they generate in You. Aiming the persuasion of the interlocutor(s), the speakers resort to certain linguistic strategies that amplify the force of their speeches. These strategies leave clear marks on the linguistic material, and we intend to address them throughout this article, through the analysis of an anti-immigration speech given in 2016 by the Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán. In this way, we will analyze the linguistic marks characteristic of the populist discourse present in the previously mentioned discourse, clarifying, at least in part, the construction of Viktor Orbán’s rhetoric.

Análise de mecanismos de regulação da força ilocutória em textos de opinião produzidos por estudantes chineses de PLE de nível B1

In this work, carried out on a corpus of opinion texts produced by students of Portuguese as a Foreign Language, at level B1, whose theme focused on a comparative perspective between two cultures, native and host, we proceeded to a descriptive-qualitative analysis of of modifying mechanisms of illocutionary force, attenuation and reinforcement, which the students resorted to. The results allowed to observe that the students resort mainly to assertive and expressive acts in the production of opinion texts, regulating their illocutionary force using essentially lexical mechanisms, to the detriment of semantic or morphological mechanisms. In addition, the epistemic modality assumes a predominance in relation to other types, although, in most evidence, there is no validation of the predicative relationship. To support this analysis, we used guiding readings on illocutionary acts (Searle, 1969), on their modalization (Corbari, 2013; Soares, 1998) and, specifically, on attenuation and reinforcement phenomena (Briz & Albelda, 2013; Albelda , 2005) and how they relate to the issue of modality (Campos & Xavier, 1991; Oliveira e Mendes, 2013) and how all these issues are referenced, in terms of pedagogical and didactic approach in the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages ( 2001).

Do dissenso à polémica: estratégias retórico-discursivas. Um caso em análise

This study focuses on the analysis of some rhetorical-argumentative strategies and the textual and compositional configuration of discursive productions within the parliamentary political discourse, which generates agonism and a strong cleavage between parties. We specifically analysed the discourses on the referenda held in 1998 e 2007, concerning changes to the socalled “VIP law”. We established a corpus comprising 41 texts published in the press and 7 texts published in the Diário da Assembleia da República (containing written transcripts of the debates held in Parliament). We concluded that rhetorical-discursive strategies that highlight and deepen dissention are particularly relevant, particularly in the process of referencing “abortion”. The strategies used to reference the discursive object “abortion” are analysed from a discursive-pragmatical and rhetorical standpoint; the reference of “abortion” is at the centre of agonistic interactions and sustains the arguments presented by the two opposing groups. We draw on the work by Amossy (2012 [2000], 2014), Plantin (1996, 2011), Micheli (2008, 2011), Charaudeau (2005, 2017), Marques (2000, 2005) and Fonseca (1992, 1998).

O mas nas crónicas de Ricardo Araújo Pereira: os valores refutativo retificativo e concessivo contra-argumentativo

The ‘mas’, as well as discursive markers, is, generally, associated with a great discussion among scholars regarding the characterization, as well as the most appropriate terminology for its linguistic reference. It is known, however, that it is essential to establish a contrast relationship between two textual segments, although, in fact, it may be associated with several values. The object of this study is to verify whether, in Ricardo Araújo Pereira’s columns, the ‘mas’ is more used for its rectifying refutative value or for its counter-argumentative concessional value, following the work of Anscombre & Ducrot (1977). For this, we selected 24 columns and analyzed and classified each occurrence found. This analysis allowed us to conclude that there is a strong tendency towards the use of the counter-argumentative concessional ‘mas’, which can be explained having in mind the textual gender in which the occurrences arise. In fact, we can face cases where gender conditions the language and, therefore, the value of the ‘mas’ used.