Prevalence and Occupational Factors Associated with Low Back Pain Among the Female Garment Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh

Background: Low Back Pain (LBP) is one of the common health problems among the garment workers that cause workers absenteeism from the work. The purpose of the study is to identify the association between occupational factors and LBP among the female garment workers in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 487 female garment workers from three compliant garment factories of Bangladesh. Face-to-face interview on four different LBP measures along with questions on socio-demographic, occupational, and physical factors were used to collect the data. Result: The prevalence rates for LBP lasts for at least one day during the last six months, chronic pain, intense pain, and seeking medical care for LBP were found 63.04%, 38.60%, 13.76%, and 18.89%, respectively among the female garments workers. The multivariate logistic regression analysis indicates that duration of employment (>5 years), regular weight bearing and extended weekly working hours (>48 hours) are positively associated with LBP. Besides, age, BMI, family income, marital status and number of children are also found positively associated with the LBP measures. Conclusion: The prevalence of LBP among female garment workers in Bangladesh is found high. The duration of employment (>5 years), regular weight bearing and extended weekly working hours (>48 hours) play a significant role in developing LBP among the female workers. Factories need to consider training programs on the appropriate technique of weight bearing. It is also important to conduct regular screening programs to identify LBP, especially with married, overweight/obese and older age group to reduce the occurrence of LBP.

Overview and perspective on HIV/AIDS, cancer and DNA repair genes: A review of the literature.

In its latest report, the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (2016) estimated that there were 36.5 million people living with HIV/AIDS in 2015, compared to 26.2 million in 1999, increasing by 41% the number of infected. Africa accounts for 69% of all cases. Other continents are also of concern, with 5 million infected in Asia, 1.5 million in North America, 1.4 million in Eastern Europe and 1.4 million in Latin America. HIV infection is characterized by the coexistence of immunodeficiency, driven by infection and depletion of CD4 + cells and chronic systemic activation of innate and adaptive immunity. HIV-infected individuals have a higher risk of developing specific types of cancer when compared to the general population, particularly Kaposi's sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and invasive cervical carcinoma that are classified as AIDS-defining cancers. DNA repair is a key defense mechanism for maintaining genome integrity, repairing damage from exposure to environmental xenobiotics, as well as endogenous damage (eg from oxidative metabolism) or the spontaneous disintegration of chemical bonds in the genome, preventing the appearance of cancer. There is a need to individually and combined evaluate the influence of defective repair genes on HIV/AIDS patients and the impact of these defective genes on genetic stability and susceptibility to cancer.

Editorial

Comprehension health as a global phenomenon provides a broad perspective on understanding the Medical Sciences.In this first volume we present the beginning of an academic journal that aims to discuss and present Global Health topics.The Journal Global Perspectives on Medical Sciences seeks to fill a gap in scientific communication on the impact on health and its global outcomes.The Institute Global Perspectives on Medical Sciences is the institution responsible for the publication of this journal and seeks to discuss global issues, develop indexes associated with health and reports that assist health professionals and politicians in understanding the phenomenon of health and its interfaces.Global Health can be understood as a broad area of studies that involves the understanding of diseases and their outcomes and their impacts on the world population.To understand Global Health, it is necessary to use techniques of biostatistics, molecular genetics, flow cytometry, computational analysis.The path to understanding Global Health brings together professionals and is not limited to professionals in the field of Health. Professionals in the field of Engineering, Mathematics, Physics, Social Sciences and Computational Sciences present major contributions to the Health Sciences.This initial volume presents the contribution of our editorial body. The perspectives presented are of great contribution to Science.

A cross-sectional study of C-type lectin receptors (CD94 and CD314) in patients with HIV/AIDS and cancer

The HIV-1 induces functional and phenotypic changes in the activation profile of NK cells. The cancers arising from immunosuppression induce an increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the tumor microenvironment, which can result in altered expression of these receptors in lymphocyte subpopulations, including T lymphocytes, NK cells and NKT cells. In the current study, we investigated possible HIV/AIDS-related changes in the expression of the C-type lectin receptors comparing healthy donors, HIV/AIDS patients, and HIV/AIDS patients with cancer (HIV/AIDSWC). The expression of these receptors was examined in the total NK cell population and CD56dim and CD56bright NK cell subsets separately and T- and NKT-cell populations. There was a significant increase of the expression of NKG2D (CD134) in T lymphocytes in HIV/AIDS and HIV/AIDSWC compared to healthy donors. There were no significant changes of this receptor in NK cells (and their subtypes) and NKT to compare them with healthy donors. As for the CD94 receptor, there were no significant changes of this receptor on NK cells (and their subtypes), NKT cells and T Lymphocyte to compare them with healthy donors, except for the increase in percentage of the expression in CD56bright cells, however this was not true in absolute terms.