Airfoil Analysis and Effect of Wing Shape Optimization on Aerodynamic Parameters in a Steady Flight

The work in this paper deals with reconstructing and optimizing the wing geometry of an Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle for improved performance and reviewing the impact of the modification on flight parameters in a steady flight. The behavior of airfoils at planned flight conditions under I.S.A. is checked in XFLR5 software. Following up by 2-D CFD and boundary layer analysis of former and new airfoil, dimensions of the wing are re-developed, keeping the fuselage and tail structure same. The existing wing and the optimized wing design is analyzed by Vortex Lattice Method and Triangular Panel Method, with an objective to make the shape of the wing aerodynamically suitable for an increased Lift to Drag ratio and thereby minimizing drag coefficients.

Unconstrained Quadratic Programming Problem with Uncertain Parameters

In this paper, an unconstrained quadratic programming problem with uncertain parameters is discussed. For this purpose, the basic idea of optimizing the unconstrained quadratic programming problem is introduced. The solution method of solving linear equations could be applied to obtain the optimal solution for this kind of problem. Later, the theoretical work on the optimization of the unconstrained quadratic programming problem is presented. By this, the model parameters, which are unknown values, are considered. In this uncertain situation, it is assumed that these parameters are normally distributed; then, the simulation on these uncertain parameters are performed, so the quadratic programming problem without constraints could be solved iteratively by using the gradient-based optimization approach. For illustration, an example of this problem is studied. The computation procedure is expressed, and the result obtained shows the optimal solution in the uncertain environment. In conclusion, the unconstrained quadratic programming problem, which has uncertain parameters, could be solved successfully.

Modification and the Performance Enhancement of Solar Biomass Dryer

Drying is an important agricultural process, particularly for crops, and shriveled products are used all over the world. The performance of drying green chili was also tested in this article, which created an alternate way of drying agricultural products. The goal of this study is to provide a solar biomass hybrid dryer with improved design, construction, and performance testing. During most hours of the trial, the temperature within the solar collector and dryer was sufficiently higher than the ambient temperature, according to the results obtained during the test period. The temperature of the ambient air at the collector intake ranged from 30 to 35 degrees Celsius. The temperature of the air at the collector's outlet ranged from 54 to 64 degrees Celsius, while the temperature of the drying chamber ranged from 51 to 60 degrees Celsius, making it suitable for drying green chili and a variety of other agricultural products. The collector was found to be 46.54 percent efficient. The findings revealed that the alteration of the collector, which produces turbulent air flow and improves chamber wall insulation, affects drying. Based on the results of this study, the created solar biomass hybrid drier is cost-effective for small-scale crop growers in rural areas of developing countries.

The Silk, Versatile Material for Biological, Optical, and Electronic Fields: Review

Silk, seen as a material, is a fiber made from silkworm cocoons and spiders. They have standard structural components and hierarchical structures. Different manufacturing techniques allow obtaining silk in films, fibers, hydrogels, microspheres, and sponges. We can tune the properties through the structure of secondary proteins. The paper explores the application in biomedical, optics, and electronic fields by analyzing the technological trend.

A High-Precision Low-Cost Analog Acceleration and Vibration Amplifier using PVDF Piezoelectric Sensors

This paper describes a high-resolution analog acceleration and vibration amplifier for use with piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) sensors. The purpose of this system is to monitor automated parts placement on integrated circuit boards. One of the problems facing production and inspection equipment is the occurrence of resonant and ambient vibrations. Even small errors can cause systems with micrometer and nanometer precision to exceed design tolerances. This work describes a method to monitor mechanical vibrations through a portable and inexpensive signal-processing unit. The system provides user-selectable gain and filtering modules that are compact and reliable. PVDF is currently used in sensing applications, and its material properties have proven very useful for sensing mechanical stress, strain, pressure, and temperature.

Improvement on Planar Mechanism Composition Principle

By investigation of movement of the Assur groups in normal connecting condition, and by inspection of the kinematic pair concept, the conclusions were found that “The freedom of Assur group is zero” in the Planar Mechanism Composition Principle conflicts with the fact that Assur group can move, and the external kinematic pairs of Assur group are inconsistent with the kinematic pair concept. Proposals were put forward then that the motion characteristics of Assur group should be studied in normal connecting conditions, Grade I Linkage Group should be introduced, and the PPP Type Linkage Group existence as an example was provided. Some new views were put forward in discussion of Planar Mechanism Composition Principle. And then an example of mechanism analysis was given to show that the correct statement of the Mechanism Composition Principle is helpful to solve mechanism analysis problems.

Why Conventional Engineering Laws should be Abandoned, and the New Laws that will Replace them

There are three reasons why laws such as q = hΔT and σ = Eε, and parameters such as h and E, should be abandoned. 1. The laws are analogs of y = (y/x)x and, if y is a nonlinear function of x, analogs of (y/x) (such as h and E) are extraneous variables that greatly complicate problem solutions. 2. Parameters such as h and E were created by assigning dimensions to numbers, in violation of the modern view that dimensions must not be assigned to numbers. 3. The laws purport to describe how the numerical value and dimension of parameters are related when, in fact, equations can rationally describe only how the numerical values of parameters are related. When conventional engineering laws are abandoned, they will be replaced by new laws described by the following: 1. They are dimensionless because parameter symbols in equations represent only numerical value. 2. They are analogs of y = f{x}. 3. They contain no analogs of y/x, and consequently they contain no extraneous variables. 4. They make it possible to abandon analogs of y/x (such as modulus and heat transfer coefficient), greatly simplifying the solution of nonlinear problems by reducing the number of variables. 5. They have no parameters that were created by assigning dimensions to numbers. 6. They are inherently dimensionally homogeneous because parameter symbols in equations represent only numerical value. 7. They state that the numerical value of parameter y is always a function of the numerical value of parameter x, and the function may be proportional, linear, or nonlinear.

Modeling and Wind Flow Analysis of an Eiffel (Open) Type Sub-Sonic Wind Tunnel

Wind tunnel (WT) is a device that artificially produces airflow relative to a stationary body and measures aerodynamic force and pressure distribution, simulating the actual conditions with an important aspect of accurately feigning¬ the full complexity of fluid flow. The aim of the present study is to design the three dimensional geometry of a small, open-circuit (also known as Eiffel Type), and subsonic (low speed) wind tunnel (WT) capable of demonstrating or acting as a vital tool in aero-mechanics research. The project and fabrication itself, poses as an onerous task with the cynosure/central theme being the delineation/depiction of wind tunnel components such as Test Section, contraction cone, diffuser, drive system and settling chamber.

Analysis of the Influence of Biomass Addition in Coal Mixture for Metallurgical Coke Production

Metallurgical coke is a common material used for hot metal production in blast furnaces. In addition to the fuel function, it has a physical assignment, supporting the load inside the reactor, and chemical, supplying carbon to hot metal. However, due to growing discourse on environmental issues, the production of hot metal via coke blast furnace has been in evidence. This process is responsible for about 70% of CO2 emissions in steelmaking. On the other hand, biomasses are materials that are available in different ways in nature and considered neutral in CO2 emissions since they absorb this gas and release oxygen in the photosynthesis process. Thus, a viable alternative in the short term is the partial replacement of the coal used in coke production with biomass, which would generate environmental gains, and guarantee the sustainable production. Therefore, this work aims to show several published researches using biomass in coke production. The effects that biomass has on the properties of coke will be emphasized, and at the end, an environmental analysis will be shown with the possible use of biomass. It will be possible to see that it is possible to substitute between 2 and 10% of the coal for biomass, producing coke with the characteristics required in the blast furnace.

Implementation of an Associative Memory using a Restricted Hopfield Network

A trainable analog restricted Hopfield Network is presented in this paper. It consists of two layers of nodes, visible and hidden nodes, connected by weighted directional paths forming a bipartite graph with no intralayer connection. An energy or Lyapunov function was derived to show that the proposed network will converge to stable states. The proposed network can be trained using either the modified SPSA or BPTT algorithms to ensure that all the weights are symmetric. Simulation results show that the presence of hidden nodes increases the network’s memory capacity. Using EXOR as an example, the network can be trained to be a dynamic classifier. Using A, U, T, S as training characters, the network was trained to be an associative memory. Simulation results show that the network can perform perfect re-creation of noisy images. Its recreation performance has higher noise tolerance than the standard Hopfield Network and the Restricted Boltzmann Machine. Simulation results also illustrate the importance of feedback iteration in implementing associative memory to re-create from noisy images.