El Fuerte de San Carlos, patrimonio de una región. Un acercamiento desde la dimensión ambiental

The Environmental Design Methodology is a solid base that allows the comprehensive understanding of the heritage phenomenon, since the landscape and its elements confer authenticity to the monument and allow the understanding of the context. The study of the Fort of San Carlos, Perote, Veracruz, a defensive monument of the 18th century, is carried out from environmental sphere that shows the conditions and resources that the environment offers. Through cartographic analysis, its location is defined on a flat topography, which does not allow distant views of the territory. It is built on rock of igneous origin, masonry material of the monument is identified, finding its possible origin in a nearby area on and old lake sediments. The hydrological, morphological and petrological situation explain the obtaining of water to sustain the fortress. The ecosystem of lower zone is deteriorated; but the abiotic conditions allow predicting the original plant community known to those who built the fort there, which allows the possibility of the integral recovery; together with the authenticity of the environment, they define the monument.

El paisaje natural del Valle Poblano-Tlaxcalteca

This writing relates the professional and academic experience that was carried out in the field of Cultural, Natural, Material and Intangible Heritage, within the framework of updating the Development Plan of the Puebla- Tlaxcala Metropolitan Area. The part that is presented here is related to Natural Heritage. Although, heritage had already been considered in past plans and programs, on this occasion, the heritage is ordered, typified and categorized, using institutional planning instruments, the legal framework, even, only with official data. The topic adopts the official methodology that, through the demands and the terms of reference, the institutions formalize the contracted areas. Consequently, they ensure that research responds to institutionalized vision and mission. However, the official rigidity, the research group opened ways to approach the research from the four areas proposed by Querol (2000), in the cultural heritage management: knowing, controlling, planning and disseminating. Knowing and disseminating worked with lobbyists, those in charge of culture, tourism, as well as those responsible for religious buildings and archaeological sites. At the same time, control and plan were produced from the collective, sessioning as a seminar and workshop, this resulted in multidisciplinary learning that resulted in an updated interdisciplinary plan.

Una aproximación a la dimensión patrimonial del paisaje en la comunidad de San Pedro Atlapulco, Estado de México

Our landscapes today face daily the voracity of neoliberal capitalism, this socio-economic system generates abysmal inequalities and puts the future of our territories at risk. Given this panorama, the development of participatory methodologies focused on rescuing local territorial and historical knowledge is seen as an opportunity to know the social assessment of the landscape. The objective is to integrate the heritage dimension of the landscape into territorial management, in an inclusive process through dialogue between science, public administration and civil society.

Ex-haciendas en Tlaxcala. Hacia una reconfiguración del paisaje rural

The hacienda system in Mexico represented a unique stage of development, playing a role of territorial control, social reproduction and production, reaching significant levels of productivity, forming a solid economic base, which allowed it to transcend various socio-political and economic conflicts, to this day, where due to its heritage and productive relevance, it has formed a vernacular landscape characteristic of the Mexican country side. The socio-economic and historical inheritance of the hacienda system in Tlaxcala gave rise to population centers, ejidos, municipalities and cities, from ceded or expropriated lands, forming the basis of the current Tlaxcaltec society. The assets represented by the former estates are at risk, when the disappearance of 65% of properties is registered, due to the high maintenance and conservation costs; low profitability of agricultural production; legal problems and lack of institutional support. This chapter deals with the origin, evolution and current situation of the former hacienda of the estate of Tlaxcala, concluding with rescue and conservation alternatives.

El palafito como hábitat milenario persistente y reproducible: modelos palafíticos en el Lago Maracaibo

The description that could be made today of the palafite villages of Venezuela, obviously differs from that contained in the letter of Vespucio dated from the year 1500, but what can be astonishing is that not only these communities have lasted, but also others have appeared throughout history, even in the twentieth century. That is, it is not only a model of a persistent habitat but also that of a reproducible one. This paper is based on two different studies of the palafite cultural landscape that have made it persist, reproduce, and even move has been addressed, and in which the authors participated, and that was carried out for the Corporación de Desarrollo del Zulia (Corpozulia) and the National Housing Council (CONAVI) through the consultancy NOMADAS.

La alteración del paisaje cultural de la zona arqueológica de Cholula y la estructura territorial social-religiosa como elemento potencial de conservación

From the construction of projects with economic-tourist purposes in areas with archaeological value, in recent years various alterations have arisen to the cultural landscape of the pre-Hispanic area of Cholula, in the Metropolitan Area of Puebla Tlaxcala, a site full of history, traditions and culture. This has become not only a problem of territorial and landscape order, but also a phenomenon that is viewed with great displeasure on the part of the inhabitants of this area, causing popular discontent that seeks to be reversed or minimized through the intervention of social actors. Individual and collective grouped in a long-standing social-religious structure. Through the landscape analysis of the area through its own methodology, the alterations arising from the construction of these tourist projects have been detected, analyzed and evidenced, and at the same time, this method has been used as a tool to prevent new initiatives continue to have a negative impact. With the creation of this analysis methodology and guidelines for the care and preservation of the cultural landscape of the archaeological zone of Cholula, it is intended to prevent future projects from altering the landscape environment of the immediate area of the pyramid, taking into account the opinion of the population in the planning of new projects.

Las desventuras y reivindicaciones para un paisaje cultural. El caso del sistema hidroeléctrico de Necaxa, Puebla

The new theoretical approaches about cultural landscapes have pointed out its value for historical recovering and for the knowledge of the evolution of territories. The cultural landscape, as theoretical tool is can show the identity signs and explain as a place that keeps the memory of a society and a community that still is living it. In this sense, the territory shaped by cultural elements is like a social mirror that reflects the way the society has built itself. Nevertheless, the consequences of the newly environmental crisis, the limits of governance in several regions, and the predator interests of capitalists are limiting this theoretical role of landscape. The analysis of Necaxa hydroelectric system in Puebla State, Mexico, as a cultural landscape is a good example of this kind of controversies.

La gestión social de zonas arqueológicas y el Estado nacional. El caso mexicano.

The paper seeks to analyze the state’s role in constructing and defining cultural heritage in Mexico. There is very scarce research done on the relations between patrimonial conservation and the state from a sociological perspective. We seek to close this gap in research by analyzing relations between the Mexican state construction and mechanism for heritage conservation and archaeological sites.

Lo “patrimoniable”: el patrimonio cultural de lo cotidiano

This work stems from a reflection around the conceptual relationship established between heritage education, cultural heritage, popular and contemporary ancestral habitat and artistic practices merging from a researchcreation project “Experiential artistic practices for the recognition of ‘the heritageable’ in Colombia: popular habitat and contemporary ancestral habitat in pilot places (Municipality of Choachí, neihborhoods Pardo Rubio, Minuto de Dios, Las Cruces, El Pañuelito, the locality of Rafael Uribe Uribe). The arguments are formulated from case studies, articulated in the “Heritageable Network”: coformed by observatory places that belong to urban and rural contexts of Bogotá and its edges. The need to confer and defend the significance of places in the ordinary or ancestral world based on aesthetic practices is argued in this chapter. “The heritageable” - recognized by the community - is arbitrated and located in space and time, past, present and future, restoring common sense and social value to territorialization processes.

El paisaje del agua como vertebrador del patrimonio industrial en el Valle de Atlixco, Puebla

This paper talks about the heritage valuation of a landscape whose structure is conformed by the hydraulic installations located along the Cantarranas River, in the Atlixco Valley. In other words, the water that runs through this river is the backbone of a whole set of first-rate rural, urban and industrial cultural assets, whose historical background is the pre-Hispanic period; however, for this chapter I will only address the landscape of water that existed between the years1898 -1928 and its relationship with textile factories in the area. Likewise, from the perspective of heritage studies, it is considered that this territory has been shaped by the use of water, in whose configuration we find a rich industrial heritage. In this sense, the objective of this analysis is to systematically reveal how the industrial landscape in the valley is structured and at the same time to analyze the distribution of water, its differente uses, its driving force and the water volumes that were needed to make each one of the six factories located in the valley work. To conclude, it is about realizing the importance of water in Atlixco as the backbone of the landscape and as a common heritage.