Triazepines Compounds as Novel Synthesized Corrosion Inhibitors

This chapter describes some recent good works in the field of metallic corrosion monitoring using Triazepine carboxylate inhibitors in hydrochloric acidic media. The different sections of this chapter cover electrochemical measurements and theoretical investigations. This review reveals Triazepine carboxylate compounds as very good inhibitors for mild steel in hydrochloric medium. The inhibition action of all Triazepine carboxylates compound studied was performed via adsorption on mild steel surface. Comparison between several adsorption isotherms reveal that the adsorption was spontaneous and followed Langmuir isotherm in HCl for all inhibitors and all studied temperatures. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for all inhibitors led to suggest the occurrence of chemical mechanism and also the spontaneity of the adsorption process on mild steel surface. The corrosion inhibition mechanism was also compared and discussed with the light of some Triazepine carboxyale compounds constituents.

Corrosion Assessment and Control Techniques for Reinforced Concrete Structures

The steel reinforced concrete structures perform well in various environmental conditions, but structures may undergo premature damage in aggressive environments such as marine or acidic, primarily due to steel corrosion, and substantial reduction in service life occurs. This also causes huge economical loss and create safety and environmental problems. The repair and maintenance of steel reinforced concrete structures for their safety needs effective monitoring and inspection systems for evaluating the corrosion condition of steel. Since the corrosion of steel reinforcement occurs through electrochemical reactions, electrochemical methods are suitable to study the corrosion processes. In this chapter, some commonly used electrochemical techniques have been comprehensively explained. In addition, there is a critical requirement to develop effective and long-lasting techniques to control the corrosion of steel. Hence, some of the commonly used corrosion control methods have been comprehensively described in this chapter.

Corrosion Resistance Methods for Stainless Steel

304 grade stainless steel is known to be important in most structural applications due to its high mechanical strength, hardness, and machinability. It is considered a versatile steel that has good formability, can be welded as it is, and is non-magnetic austenitic structure. The corrosion resistance is also excellent at room temperature for most corrosive acids and alkalis. However, its corrosion resistance decreases at higher temperatures when exposed to water for prolonged periods of time. It is sensitive to pitting, crevice and stress corrosion cracking at elevated temperatures. In some cases, the resistance is improved by addition of corrosion inhibitor that negatively affects its formability and welding advantages. Therefore, other methods of corrosion protection are desired. This chapter provides in-depth review of corrosion protections materials and methods that have been used for protecting 304SS in different specific applications. It also provides systemic analysis of the potentiodynamic polarization method to compare the corrosion potential of different materials.

Corrosion Inhibition Study of Mild Steel in the Acidic Mediums Containing a Mineral Compound-Based Phosphate

The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in hydrochloric, sulfuric, and phosphoric acids solutions containing a mineral compound-based phosphate (apatite) was evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Potentio-dynamic polarization measurements reveal that the inhibition efficiency increased with the concentration of the apatite, which appears to be a cathodic type inhibitor in the three mediums. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirms this result; indeed, the transfer resistance increases with apatite concentration. The authors note that the double layer capacitance decreases simultaneously suggesting the formation of an adsorbed layer on the mild steel surface. The inhibition mechanism has been elucidated by a thermodynamic study, which showed that the film was formed by physi-sorption. The adsorption model obeys to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The parameters of activation energy were evaluated and discussed.

Review of Application of Imidazole and Imidazole Derivatives as Corrosion Inhibitors of Metals

Imidazole is part of the theophylline molecule, found in tea leaves and coffee beans, which stimulates the central nervous system. Imidazole and its derivatives are an important class of heterocyclic compounds that exhibit a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities. Furthermore, synthetic Imidazole are present in many fungicides, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitumor activities, antiprotozoal, and antihypertensive medications. Apart of its use for biological and pharmaceutical purpose, it also has varying applications in industries: the imidazole has been used extensively as a corrosion inhibitor on metals such as iron, copper, zinc, carbon steel, and their alloys. Imidazole and its derivatives have been reported as effective corrosion inhibitors due to their excellent excited state intra-molecular proton transfer, which elevates the performances of their adsorption into the metallic surface. In this chapter, the authors have reported a review of some works that investigated the effects of some Imidazole molecule on corrosion inhibition properties.

Monosaccharide Derivatives as Eco-Friendly Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in Neutral and Hydrochloric Acid Media

In this chapter, the authors present a synthesis of some works carried out within the framework of the study of the corrosion inhibiting activity of a set of monosaccharide derivatives as new biodegradable, nontoxic corrosion inhibitors, and respectful of the environment. The comparative study that they present reveals the existence of more than 20 compounds derivatives of monosaccharide used as corrosion inhibitors in neutral and acidic mediums, and which have given rise to very good corrosion inhibiting efficiencies. These studies of the corrosion inhibiting effect were studied using potentiodynamic polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods.

Novel Compounds of Imidazole Derivatives as Effective Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel in Hydrochloric Acid Solution

The inhibition performance of two imidazole derivatives, IM-Cl and IM-CH3, on the corrosion behavior of MS in 1M HCl acid solution was studied through weight loss method and electrochemical tests. The results obtained from the electrochemical methods show that inhibition efficiency increases with the increase of inhibitors concentration. The adsorption of inhibitors on the mild steel surface obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The corrosion protection was once also investigated with the aid of UV–Vis spectrophotometry. SEM-EDX was performed and discussed for surface study of uninhibited and inhibited mild steel samples.

Corrosion of Biomaterials

The goal of this chapter is to define concepts and methods currently used to study the corrosion behavior of biomaterials in physiological conditions. One of the interesting points of corrosion of biomaterials is that they must be designed to fulfill different physical and chemical requirements within the human body. For instance, ceramic biomaterials are designed, sometimes, to accomplish a bone growth task. Alternatively, bioceramics are also employed to provide high wear resistance to implant surfaces with the lowest corrosion activity in biological environment. Depending on the part of the human body where the biomaterial is implanted, the corrosion process and chemical interaction with body fluids can be accelerated, and consequently, the product of these reactions can have a negative effect in the health of the patients. For this reason, the chapter is also focused on explaining how to study the interaction between biomaterial surface and body fluids as well as the existing methods to prevent corrosion phenomena that could lead to affect human health.

Tri-Sodium Citrate as Corrosion and Scale Inhibitor of Mild Steel in Synthetic Cooling Water System

In this study, scale inhibition performance Trisodium citrate (TSC) was studied using static scale inhibition method, and its corrosion inhibition performance was also investigated by weight loss method and electrochemical measurement. Result showed that TSC could form a layer of corrosion and scale produTSC on mild steel surface in synthetic cooling water. Its inhibition increases with concentration and reaches a maximum of 89% and 95% at 10-3 M for corrosion and scale, respectively. It is noted that TSC takes its inhibition at high temperature and act by physic-sorption process. It is found that the TSC obey to the Langmuir isotherm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that TSC inhibits the scale and corrosion by the formation of a protective layer on the mild steel surface.

Protection of Low Carbon Steel in Industrial Cooling Water System by New Formulation

This chapter studies the operational parameters effects, such as immersion time, corrosion products, and pH, on the inhibition efficiency against corrosion for low carbon steel in simulated cooling water system of the mixture 1 (10-3 M 3-MPOX + 20 ppm CTAB), which corresponds to the best inhibition efficiency. The results show that the corrosion inhibition performance of the studied mixture reinforces with immersion time and has a maximum in the pH range 6.5–7.5. In addition, the analysis of the results shows that there is a dependence of the pH value of the solution and the corrosion current density (icorr). Indeed, a correlation can be established between log (icorr) and the pH using the polynomial equation. Finally, the mixture 1 provides good protection for the attack materials. These studies were evaluated from the polarization curves (PP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).