A Web-Based Method for Ontology Population

The Semantic Web, proposed by Berners-Lee, aims to make explicit the meaning of the data available on the Internet, making it possible for Web data to be processed both by people and intelligent agents. The Semantic Web requires Web data to be semantically classified and annotated with some structured representation of knowledge, such as ontologies. This chapter proposes an unsupervised, domain-independent method for extracting instances of ontological classes from unstructured data sources available on the World Wide Web. Starting with an initial set of linguistic patterns, a confidence-weighted score measure is presented integrating distinct measures and heuristics to rank candidate instances extracted from the Web. The results of several experiments are discussed achieving very encouraging results, which demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method for automatic ontology population.

We Have Good Information for You

Through the concept of Cognitive Authority, information relevance and quality have been related to the expertise/skill of those who publish and share information on the Web. This chapter discusses how the concept of cognitive authority can be used in order to improve the information retrieval on folksonomy-based systems. The hypothesis is that a ranking scheme that takes into account the cognitive authority of the information sources provides results of higher relevance and quality to users. To verify this hypothesis, the Folkauthority approach is adopted; a ranking scheme called AuthorityRank is proposed; and an information retrieval system, named AuthoritySearch, is built. A real social network is used to simulate the authority relationship among users, and the AuthorityRank scheme is compared with the tf-idf scheme using the NDCG metric. The results indicate a statistically significant improvement in the quality and relevance of the information obtained through the use of the AuthorityRank scheme.

Examining the Opportunities of Social Networking Adoption in the Health Care Systems

Social Network Sites (SNSs) are known for providing the opportunity to quickly spread information faster than any other mode because of its ease of accessibility and ability to reach wider populations. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the opportunities of adopting Social Networking (SN) in the healthcare systems. Based on the current literature review, using a social network will enhance communication, collaboration, connection, coordination, and knowledge sharing. The healthcare profession of Bhutan undertook the survey for this study. Three new factors were generated from this study, namely 4Cs; it was found that the use of social networking enhances communication, coordination, collaboration, and connection with patients and among healthcare professionals. The second factor, Green and Sustainability, social networking enables the reduction of the carbon footprint, and the third factor is Exchange Knowledge via use of social networking.

Creating a Community of Practice in Learning

Social media plays a huge part in Filipinos' lives. In the area of learning, the proponents observed the emergence of an online community of practice using Facebook groups that has over 350 members. The aim of the chapter is to answer the question: How do online communities of practice engage students to learn and build new knowledge? The objective is to propose a framework that will guide readers to build their own online community of practice based on its learning context. To achieve the objective, the proponents use the inductive approach of grounded theory using action research. Results show that community members used different Facebook features to support their ongoing community of practice. Further studies may also assess the applicability of the framework in other areas of development.

Understanding Employee Attitudes to SNS Implementation in the Australian Banking Sector

The Australian banking sector has utilised Social Networking Sites (SNS) to support companies' sustainability through customer engagement. Numerous studies have been conducted on issues associated with SNS, including teamwork, communication, trust, and security. These studies have usually been concerned with the perspectives and attitudes of customers and organizations, and sometimes, employers. This chapter is based on a Master's degree dissertation research aimed at filling the gap by investigating the opinions of the Australian banking sector employees, in particular those who use the SNS application as a work tool. The Honeycomb framework is used as the theoretical basis with six underlying factors being ascertained as a result of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The findings are discussed, and recommendations are proposed which are intended to increase the benefits to be gained from SNS adoption. The analysis results make a significant theoretical, methodological, and practical contribution.

HTML Segmentation for Different Types of Web Pages

Search engines manage several types of challenges daily. One of those challenges is locating relevant content in a Web page. However, the concept of relevance in information retrieval depends on the problem to be solved. For instance, the menu of a website does not impact the results of an algorithm to detect duplicate Web pages. An HTML segmentation algorithm partitions a Web page visually in such a way that parts from a same partition are semantically related. This chapter presents two strategies to segment different types of Web pages.

Models and Approaches for Web Information Extraction and Web Page Understanding

This chapter discusses the main challenges addressed within the fields of Web information extraction and Web page understanding and considers different utilized Web page representations. A configurable Java-based framework for implementing effective methods for Web Page Processing (WPP) called WPPS is presented as the result of this analysis. WPPS leverages a Unified Ontological Model (UOM) of Web pages that describes their different aspects, such as layout, visual features, interface, DOM tree, and the logical structure in the form of one consistent model. The UOM is a formalization of certain layers of a Web page conceptualization defined in the chapter. A WPPS API provided for the development of WPP methods makes it possible to combine the declarative approach, represented by the set of inference rules and SPARQL queries, with the object-oriented approach. The framework is illustrated with one example scenario related to the identification of a Web page navigation menu.

Students as Customers

The World Wide Web is changing, from the early Web 1.0 to the Social Web 2.0 and beyond to Web 3.0 interfaces, but more importantly, the users of the Web are also changing, and their numbers are increasing rapidly in line with this evolution. In e-Learning, it is essential to be able to keep up with these trends and provide personalized social interaction. Here, our main customers are our students, but these customers do not come unprepared: they already have a great deal of Web experience, especially in the areas of Social Networking Sites (SNS) and online interaction. Thus, it is essential to improve approaches used in the past, where learners were only involved in the receiving part of the delivery process. This chapter therefore proposes and explores applying participatory design methodologies in the early stages of the social adaptive educational hypermedia system design process, showing also its benefits for further design, implementation, and usage.

A Usability Evaluation of Facebook's Privacy Features Based on the Perspectives of Experts and Users

The issue of privacy in social networks is a hot topic today, because of the growing amount of information shared among users, who are connected to social media every moment and by different devices and displays. This chapter presents a usability evaluation of the privacy features of Facebook's social network. The authors carry out an evaluation composed by three approaches, executed in three stages: first by the analysis and inspection of system's features related to privacy, available for both systems (Web-based systems and mobile-based systems, e.g. app). The second step is a heuristic evaluation led by three experts, and finally, the third step is a questionnaire with 605 users to compare the results between specialists and real users. This chapter aims to present the problems associated with these privacy settings, and it also wants to contribute for improving the user interaction with this social network.

Influence of Perceived Quality of Official University Websites to Perceived Quality of University Education and Enrollment Intention

This chapter aims to analyze the impact of a university's website quality to the intentions of prospective students to enroll at the university. The proposed model was tested by distributing questionnaires to third-year senior high school students around Jakarta. Respondents were asked to follow a series of instructions to access the websites of two universities, the University of Muhammadiyah Malang and the Indonesian Islamic University. After completing the task, respondents were asked to complete a questionnaire to evaluate website quality. Based on the analysis of 117 valid questionnaires, it is concluded that website quality influences the perception by prospective university students of quality university education, which subsequently affects the intention of prospective students to enroll at the university. The finding confirms that the quality of official websites can be used as an extrinsic attribute to signal the quality of education at the university; thus, its optimal maintenance must be endeavoured.