Medical treatment and prevention of Helicobacter pylori infection

Helicobacter pylori infection is one of the most commonly treated infections in gastroenterology. In the last three decades, due to recurrent or repeated infection, the incidence of this complex health problem has been constantly increasing. Studies have shown that successful treatment of this infection can prevent the occurrence of numerous complications, such as ulcer disease, dyspepsia or gastric cancer. Interventions in the prevention of Helicobacter pylori infection are numerous, they are carried out at all levels of health care and are of great importance for reducing the number of patients, but also for the occurrence of complications related to the infection. The aim of this paper is to evaluate innovations in medical treatment and prevention of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Zdravstvena nega obolelih od karcinoma dojke sa metastatskim promenama na endokranijumu

Introduction: Breast cancer is the transformation of healthy breast cells into malignant cells. The disease is characterized by metastases that can range from limited bone metastases to wide-spread and life-threatening metastases. The main goal of caring for these patients is to successfully control the symptoms of the disease, the side effects of the tumor while preserving the quality of life and surviving as long as possible. Objective was to show the specifics of interventions in the health care of a patient with breast cancer with metastatic changes in the endocranium Methods: We used a descriptive method and a conservative direct method: case study of a patient with breast cancer and metastatic changes in the brain according to the method of the Nursing Care Process (NCP). Discussion: Modern nursing care implies patient care according to a scientifically based method, universal in the nursing practice NCP, according to which care is focused on the patient/family, re-specting their preferences. NCP includes: continuous assessment of the patient's condition and defining problems and care needs, setting goals and selecting optimal care strategies. The most COM-mon collaborative problems for our patient were: pain, fatigue, anemia, insomnia. The problems that the nurses solved through independent interventions were: deficit in self-care, prevention of falls and injuries, lack of knowledge regarding the radiation pro-cedure, risk of infection, and the possibility of excess fluid volume. Conclusion: Patients with advanced breast cancer and their families have complex needs, the failure of which can result in impaired quality of life. An individual approach is needed in as-sessing the patient's condition, identifying needs, and planning interventions based on scientific evidence, available health re-sources, and preferences of patient/family. Patient care according to the NCP method promises a more comprehensive approach, improved patient experience as well as improved medical out-comes.

Quality of life in medical students of High school of professional studies 'Medica'

Self-assessment of quality of students life gives a feedback information on perception of physical health, psychological state of being, social relations, environment as well as of general quality of life. Aim research is to assess quality of life of students of vocational college school, and then to cross-examine with social demography of students sample. Methodology: Sample consists of 50 students of higher medical school of vocational studies "Medika" in Belgrade, Loznica, Krusevac and Vrbas. Questionnaire of social and demographical characteristics and Questionnaire on quality of life of World Health Organization (WHOQOL-BREF) have been used. Statistical interpretation of results uses descriptive statistics, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, interquartile range, Kruskal-Wallis H test and Mann-Whitney test. Results indicate a relatively high quality of students life. Significant difference has been established between students of the first and second year of studies, in domain of general life quality and psychological state (p<0,05). In domains of general life quality, psychological and social functioning, difference can be observed between students that study in Belgrade and in other towns. Statistically significant difference has not been established between four quality of life domains (Physical health, Conclusion: Psychological, Social relationships, Environment) and sample stratifications: gender, age, studies, work status and marriage status. Quality of life can influence daily functioning of individuals in various life domains.

General standards of nursing interventions in care and treatment of diabetic patients with acute stroke

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder with more than 1.7% of the world population. Diabetes mellitus affects 3% of Serbian population. Stroke is one of the major macrovascular complications of Diabetes mellitus. Aim. Determining what additional intervention, care and treatment of diabetic patients with stroke needs, when comparing patients with stroke who have other risk factors. Material and Methods. The research was conducted in the Specialized Hospital "Sveti Sava", at the Intensive Care B, during the period from the 1 November 2019 th to the 31 December 2019. Total number of patients was 40. Subjects were divided into two equal groups of 20 patients: the first group the experimental group with diabetic patients with acute stroke, and the second group the control, with patients with acute stroke who have other risk factors. The study was based on general standards of nursing interventions, and advanced standards in the care and treatment of diabetic patients with stroke were used. Results. According to "Nursing activities score" of basic nursing interventions: continuous monitoring was present in 13 (65%) patients in the experimental group whereas the control group had 5 (25%) patients. Monitoring of vital parameters and the number of nursing interventions were much higher in the experimental group. Conclusions. Using the common standards of nursing interventions in the care and treatment of diabetic patients with acute stroke is not enough. Their demands are highlighted and they require a longer time and the increased number of nurses for the implementation of the plan of care and treatment for these patients. Patients with stroke are complex and prone to numerous complications and serious approach to each patient individually is needed.

Eating habits and antifat attitudes among adolescent: West Serbian experience

Introduction Nutrition has a great impact on the health potential of young people. It is very important to analyze aspects of adolescent nutrition in a timely manner, in order to identify potential health risks. Objectives The aim of the study is to examine adolescents' eating habits and attitudes toward obesity. Methods 370 students from the Valjevo Medical School, Western Serbia, participated in the study. The survey was designed as a cross-sectional study, using the questionnaire whose first part was related to demographic characteristics of participants, the second part of the instrument examined eating habits, while the third part dealt with obesity, using the AFA obesity scale. Scale performance was tested by Cronbach's Alpha test (a = .78). Results The results showed that the majority of the subjects were eating properly and without skipping meals. It was worrying that the consumption of sweets and sodas was high. Females stated in large numbers that they disliked obese people. Most of the differences between healthy and unhealthy habits come from the living environment and parental level of education. Conclusions The transition years have brought some irregular eating habits in the adolescent population, more education is needed to maintain a healthy life.

Etičke dileme u medicinskom tretmanu novorođenčadi sa teškim kongenitalnim malformacijama - zaostavština bebe Doe

Regardless of the differences in the neonatological practice of different countries in the world, ethical decisions of medical professionals in this field of clinical medicine should be based solely on a comprehensive The approach to the treatment of newborns with life-threatening body malformations has historically been the subject of numerous ethical dilemmas among the medical professionals and the general public. "The case of baby Doe" is certainly the most notable example in the recent medical history of the previously mentioned ethical dilemmas and was the first to result in an official juridical epilogue in a form of a series of legal provisions regarding the medical treatment of severely damaged newborns and objective assessment of the health of the newborn, consideration of indications for potential treatment or palliative care, and always guided by the best interests of the newborn. Eythanasia in any form is an unnecessary solution, dangerous for society in general and medical practice, and instead of its legalization in neonatology, the development of palliative care, as a humanistic approach in the health care of the most challenging patients, should be emphasised.

Frequency and characteristics of multi-resistant bacteria in the intensive care unit

Introduction: Patients in intensive care units (ICUs) are at higher risk of infections due to invasive procedures and antibiotic therapy. Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria represent a global problem, limiting the choice of antimicrobial therapy. Objective: To determine the rate of infections in ICUs, as well as the type of MDR bacteria associated with such infections. Material and methods: The study included strains of MDR bacteria isolated from laboratory samples of hospitalized patients in surgical ICUs in a one-year period. All strains of MDR bacteria were isolated and identified by standard microbiological methods for aerobic bacteria according to the recommendations and guidelines are given by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Results: Infections caused by MDR bacterial isolates were confirmed in 199 (19.17%) patients in ICUs. The frequency of Gram-negative isolates was significantly higher than Gram-positive (88.35% and 11.65%, p <0.001). The most common infections in ICUs caused by MDR bacteria were respiratory tract infections (49%), followed by soft tissue and skin infections. The CDI incidence density 1.13 cases/10,000 patient-days. Conclusion: A high frequency of infections caused by MDR bacteria was found with patients in ICUs, and respiratory tract infections dominated. Information on the types of infections and pathogens can help develop policies for prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and resource allocation.

Oncology nursing and EONS (European Oncology Nursing Society) influence in Eastern Europe

European Union (EU) has defined the process and norms of nursing education. As a source of data, Directive 2005/36/EC and Directive 2013/55/EU was used together with Croatian laws and regulations which are related to nursing education. Nursing education in Croatia is carried out through high school education and also at the university level. The situation is similar or the same in many other Eastern European countries. Experience in nursing education in different European countries can be useful in improving nursing education in Croatia. Cancer nursing specialization in the Republic of Croatia, as in many Eastern European countries, exists only on paper, unlike in Western Europe, the USA or Australia. Eastern European cancer nurses can be trained with the assistance of EONS (European Oncology Nursing Society) which is an umbrella organisation providing leadership in all areas of cancer nursing, research, practice, continuing education, communications and advocacy for better recognition of cancer nursing across Europe.

Evaluation of the frequency of premenstrual syndrome manifestations in the population of generative women

Introduction: During the premenstrual syndrome, many physical and psychological manifestations occur in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Premenstrual syndrome is a disorder in the reproductive age that negatively affects a woman's quality of life. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequency of manifestations of premenstrual syndrome in the population of women of generative age. Material and methods: The research was conducted in the form of a cross-sectional study, a research instrument, was constructed questionnaire, for women of childbearing age, which assesses their level of information about premenstrual syndrome, premenstrual syndrome symptoms, symptom relief and quality of life. The study included a sample of 260 respondents, the study was conducted at the Health Center in Valjevo in the period from November 2020 to February 2021. Participation in the study was voluntary and anonymous. Results: Descriptive statistics methods were used in the analysis of the results. The respondents are between 18 and 44 years old. Most of them are from urban areas (66.7%) with completed high school (66.7%), employed (91.7%), married (58.3%). Most respondents have some of the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, while a smaller percentage deny the symptoms. An important fact is that 50% of women think that stressful situations worsen their symptoms. A large number of women were informed about premenstrual syndrome (91.7%), a large number of women (75%) did not consult a doctor due to problems and a large number did not use any therapy (83.3%). Conclusion: Women of reproductive age are highly exposed to premenstrual syndrome. All the symptoms of this syndrome affect the quality of life, work ability and family relations, and daily functioning. Effective implementation of health education interventions related to reproductive health is a basic measure to improve the quality of life of women with premenstrual syndrome, as well as to prevent or eliminate health problems.

COVID-19 pneumonia: Significance of diagnostic approaches other than PCR testing

The infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus leads to the development of COVID-19 disease, which can manifest asymptomatically, or cause pneumonia caracterised by mild to severe symptoms, with potential fatal outcome. The gold diagnostic standard for COVID-19 disease is the PCR analysis of biological materials sampled by nasopharyngeal swab. However, despite the high sensitivity of this diagnostic method, our clinical experience has shown that in some cases, false-negative PCR test results can be obtained. This paper reports a case of a patient with developed pneumonia that could be related to COVID-19 disease based on the clinical picture, laboratory and radiological findings, but two nasopharyngeal swabs were negative for SARS-CoV-2 after PCR analysis. The patient was treated with the therapy recommended for COVID-19, achieving both clinical and radiological improvement, which indicates that the infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus was probably the UN-derlying factor of of the inflammatory process in the lung parenchyma. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to highlight the importance of other diagnostic methods in diagnosing COVID-19, not only PCR testing.