In-Vitro Efficacy of Different Fungicides Against Leaf Spot of Marigold Caused by Alternaria alternata

This study was carried out to study the in-vitro efficacy of different chemical fungicides leaf spot of marigold, caused by Alternaria alternata. The results of present study showed that the disease incidence from various locations of district Hyderabad Sindh was observed Ghangra Mori 35%, TandoHyder 30%, Rahooki 25%, Moosa Khatyan20%, and Hosri 15%. Upper limit disease occurrence was observed from Ghangra Mori and lower limit sickness was recorded from Hosri. The chemical fungicide Nativo observed 43%, 25.5% and 18.5% linear colony growth of Alternaria alternata at 100, 200 and 400 ppm, respectively. Aliete observed 52, 31.5 and 21 respectively. Carbandazm observed 52.5, 29.5 and 21mm respectively and Mancozeb observed 51, 28.5 and 20mm respectively. Lower limit growth of Alternaria alternata were judge in 400 ppm instead Nativo pursuited by Mancozeb, Carbandazm and Aliete, separately. In control there was 90mm was recorded. It was concluded that chemical fungicide ‘Nativo’ were full effective to stop the disperssion of Alternaria alternata in 400 ppm. Anytime the plant infusion, Neem infusion show good effect opposite linear colony growth of Alternaria alternata on 6% solution

First Report of Gray Mold of Strawberry Caused by Botrytis cinereain Sindh Province of Pakistan

Gray mold caused by Botrytiscinereaisone of the major diseases of strawberry, whichcan cause significantly important pre-and post-harvest fruit losses worldwide.Different districts of Sindh province,where strawberries are cultivated, were visitedin 2016.Based on visual inspection, fruitsexhibiting symptoms of gray mold was collected duringsurvey.B.cinereawas frequently isolated on PDA from the infected strawberry fruits andthe pathogenicitywas later confirmedby inoculation of the pathogen onstrawberry fruits in-vitro.To our knowledge, this is the first study on gray mold of strawberryin Sindh province, which could lead further research on gray moldin future.

In-Vitro Efficacy of Different Botanical Extract against Leaf Spot of Marry Gold caused by Alternaria alternat

This study was carried out to study the in-vitroefficacy of different botanical extracts against leaf spot of marigold, caused by Alternaria alternata. The results of present study showed that the disease incidence from variouslocations of district HyderabadSindhwas observed Ghangra Mori35%, TandoHyder 30%, Rahooki25%, Moosa Khatyan20%, and Hosri15%.Upper limitdisease occurrencewas observedfrom Ghangra Mori and lower limit sickness was recordedfrom Hosri. The botanicalplantextract ‘Neem’ observed 48, 40and 34mmlinear colony growth of Alternaria alternataat 2%, 4% and 6% concentrations, respectively, Dhaturaextract observed 75.5, 63 and 57.5mmcolony growth of Alternaria alternataat 2%, 4% and 6% concentrations, respectively. Garlic extract observed 49%, 43% and 36% linear colony growth of Alternaria alternataat 2%, 4% and 6% concentrations, respectively. Ginger extract observed 50, 43.5and 36.5mmcolony growth of Alternaria alternataat 2%, 4% and 6% concentrations, respectively. Minimum linear colony growth of Alternaria alternatawas observed at 6% concentration for Neem extract followed by Garlic extract, Ginger extract and Datura extract, respectivelythe plant infusion, Neeminfusion show good effectoppositelinear colony growth of Alternaria alternataon6% solution

Challenges and Solutions: Analysis on Adoption of Production Practices for Sugarcane Growers

The present research focuses onthe problems faced by sugarcane growers in adoption of production practices of sugarcane in district Naushahro Feroze. From taluka Moro and N. Feroze five villages were selected through multistage sampling techniques.Thus,makingasampleof75farmerswasrandomlyselected from the study area. Multistage plan was used to collect the data. It was observed that a high majority of the respondents had knowledge that land ploughing helps to increase the increase the yield stability rate of crops (60%). Regardingtimeofapplicationoffertilizers,majorityofrespondentshadpartial knowledge with 70 percent of the respondents having full knowledge regarding applicationofirrigationoncein10to15days. The results indicates that majority (40%) of the respondents adopt proper land preparation practices. The results indicated that the major constraints faced by percent of respondents were high cost of fertilizers and non-availability of credit facilities, non-availability of required quantity of fertilizers. In light of constraints faced the major suggestion expressed was providing credit at lowerinterest rate and at required time, cost of complex fertilizers should be reduced, conduct demonstrationsondifferentsustainablecultivationpracticesinsugarcanetoshowtheir efficacy, proper schedule of varietal harvesting must be followed by sugar factories, organizetrainingprogrammesonsustainablecultivationpracticesinsugarcane,provide pest and disease resistant varieties through sugar factories and research stations, conduct as many as group discussions, and exposure trip to sugarcane growers to convince the benefit of various sustainable cultivation practices, establish sugarcane growers club and conduct regular meetings with scientist and progressivefarmers

Salinity Stress – A Threat to Rice Production Breeding Strategies to Develop Salinity Tolerance in Plants

Rice is a most staple and demandable food crop of the world which feeds more than half of the world’s overall population. Soil salinity has become a serious problem of the world nowadays which is a common threat to all agricultural crops specially rice because rice is categorized as a typical glycophyte. Salinity is one of the major constraints especially in the coastal areas of the world. This salinity problem can be overcome by conventional and modern breeding technologies. We have focused on the breeding techniques to be adopted to cope with this issue. Salt tolerant varieties can be produced by screening already existing varieties, marker-assisted selection or genetic engineering by introducing salt-tolerance genes. In this review, we have focused salinity problems at global level and its impact on rice as well as other crops plants.