The effects of different temperatures of post-exercise protein-containing drink on gastric motility and energy intake in healthy young men

The present study examined the effects of different temperatures of protein-containing drink after exercise on subsequent gastric motility and energy intake in healthy young men. Twelve healthy young men completed three, one-day trials in a random order. In all trials, the subjects ran on a treadmill for 30 min at 80% of maximum heart rate. In exercise + cold drink (2 °C) and exercise + hot drink (60 °C) trials, the subjects consumed 300 mL of protein-containing drink (0.34 MJ) at 2 °C or 60 °C over a 5-min period after exercise. In the exercise (i.e., no preload) trial, the subjects sat on a chair for 5 min after exercise. Then, the subjects sat on a chair for 30 min to measure their gastric motility with an ultrasound imaging system in all trials. Thereafter, the subjects consumed a test meal until they felt comfortably full. Energy intake in the exercise + hot drink trial was 14 % and 15 % higher than the exercise (P=0.046, 95% CI: 4.010-482.538) trial and exercise + cold drink (P=0.001, 95% CI: 160.089-517.111) trial, respectively. The frequency of the gastric contractions in the exercise + hot drink trial was higher than the exercise (P=0.023) trial and exercise + cold drink (P=0.007) trial. The total frequency of gastric contractions was positively related to energy intake (r=0.386, P=0.022). These findings demonstrate that consuming protein-containing drink after exercise at 60 °C increases energy intake and that this increase may be related to the modulation of the gastric motility.

Marketing Strategy Of Mixing Another Language In Adverts: Study of English Code-mixing and Code-switching In Indian Advertisements for Cold Drinks

Code-mixing and code-switching are the marketing phenomenon researches have been working for around decades. While different types and their properties for code-mixing and code-switching have been well studied for most of the linguistic varieties as a marketing tool, very less is documented about how they are used as communicative and persuasive tool in advertisements. This analysis is an attempt to overcome with this gap by analyzing the level and describing the current phenomenon of English code-mixing and code-switching in Indian cold drink advertisements. It is noticed that the use of English codes in Hindi advertisements or even in few of complete English advertisements made specifically for Indian television is different from other genres of communication since they are creatively utilized to produce persuasive and convincing effects. The paper investigated the level of such mixing in Indian advertisements basically shown in Hindi speaking area, what kinds of English units are in use as well as certain other aspects related to English mixing which are employed as a persuasive device for the advertisements . English lexical mixing were found to be common English code-mixing elements, while simple sentences, out of all types of sentences, were the most frequent items appearing at the level of code-switching.

Anaphylaxis Induced by Exercise or Cold Stimulation with Hyperleukotrieneuria During a Challenge Testing Not Containing Food Ingestion

Background: Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIA) is rare and a potentially life-threatening disorder that can develop independently without food ingestion. Cold drinks can also trigger symptoms in some patients with cold-induced anaphylaxis. We present the case of a patient with exercise and cold-induced anaphylaxis that was diagnosed based on hyperleukotrieneuria in exercise loading and cold-drink challenge testing.Case presentation: A 12-year-old girl presented with acute flushing, cyanosis, swollen eyelids, and dyspnea after an endurance run in winter or swimming in a cold-water pool. She also developed dyspnea after having a cold drink. She had no history of food allergies or atopy. No association was noted between anaphylaxis and food intake in her history. On the 1st day, she ingested 200 mL cold water at a temperature of 5°C in 30 s, which did not trigger any symptomatic responses, but urinary LTE4 level increased (pre-challenge test 295 pg/mg.cr, post-challenge test 400 pg/mg.cr). On the 2nd day, she underwent the exercise loading test according to the Bruce protocol by increasing the power of exercise every 2 min using an ergometer. She had been fasting for >15 h and did not have breakfast. Just after the exercise loading test, the plasma adrenaline and noradrenaline increased. At 15min. after the exercise loading test, the plasma adrenaline and histamine (pre-challenge test 0.7 ng/mL, 15min.post-challenge test 81 ng/mL) rised sharply with anaphylaxis symptom accompaneid by increasing of urinary LTE4 (pre-challenge test 579 pg/mg.cr, post-challenge test 846 pg/mg.cr). After she was discharged, she was restricted from strenuous exercise especially in cold environments and prescribed an adrenaline autoinjector.Conclusion: To our knowledge, cold stimulation becomes a co-effector for EIA. Measurements of urinary LTE4 levels during challenge testing are useful to diagnose anaphylaxis induced by exercise or cold stimulation.

Automatic Cold Drink Vending Machine with Reverse Vending System for Empty Bottles and Monitoring System using VLSI

now days the Plastic is one of the most versatile material. These days the waste generated by humans. In this paper we develop the VM and RVM . A VM is an automated machine that provides three different types of items such as coca cola, sprite and thumbs-up etc. the money is inserted to consumers in to the machine. The reverse vending machine is the machine that accepts empty plastic bottles and credits discount offer. The collected empty plastic bottles are sent for further recycling which is environment friendly. Operation of the machine exhibited accuracy in recognizing barcode data, distinguishing between vend plastic bottle and other plastic bottles, storage update. The machine is able to run on commercial power. All the mentioned process will be controlled by a PIC microcontroller. Throughout the process barcode sensor is responsible to Identify vend plastic bottles. The developed project is environment friendly and cost effective

Dynamic mechanical behavior of nano-ZnO reinforced dental composite

In the present work, Bisphenol-A Glycidyl Methacrylate / Triethylene Glycol Dimethylacrylate based dental composites filled with 0-30 wt.% silane treated nano-ZnO were fabricated and tested for their dynamic mechanical properties. Samples were kept in each of three different mediums such as cold drink, distilled water and saliva for 7 days. The dynamic mechanical properties such as storage modulus, loss modulus and Tan delta were evaluated and compared for each composite under different conditions. The finding of results indicated that on adding 30 wt.% nano-ZnO, the storage modulus was increased by 109% in case of post cured, 120% in case of cold drink, 125% in case of artificial saliva but decreased by 70% in case of distilled water. The loss modulus was increased by 175% in case of post cured, 30% in case of cold drink, 50% in case of artificial saliva but decreased by 50% in case of distilled water. Further, minimum value of storage modulus was reported in case of distilled water medium followed by cold drink and then artificial saliva. Also, cold drink seems to be better medium than distilled water in terms of dynamic mechanical properties of dental composite. Graphical abstract Variation of storage modulus of sample kept in artificial saliva for 7 days Addition of 30 wt.% nano-ZnO increased the storage modulus by 109% in case of post cured, 120% in case of cold drink, 125% in case of artificial saliva but decreased by 70% in case of distilled water. Addition of 30 wt.% nano-ZnO increased the loss modulus by 175% in case of post cured, 30% in case of cold drink, 50% in case of artificial saliva but decreased by 50% in case of distilled water. Immersion of sample in each medium led to decrease in storage modulus but increase in Tan delta. Further, minimum value of storage modulus was reported in case of distilled water medium followed by cold drink and then artificial saliva. Cold drink seems to be better medium than distilled water in terms of dynamic mechanical properties of dental composite.

Enhancing Visibility of the Hypopharyngeal-Esophageal Region by Introduction of a Physiological Eructation Maneuver

Background: In routine medical examination, the hypopharyngeal-esophageal area (HER) is difficult to assess due to its position and anatomical complexity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a volitional eructation maneuver during transnasal flexible laryngoscopy and its influence on the visibility of the HER. Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers underwent flexible laryngoscopy. Once the larynx was freely visible during laryngoscopy, the subjects were asked to trigger a “burp.” The volitional belching during the study was assisted by drinking a carbonated cold drink. The triggered relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter along with the widening of the hypopharynx region was recorded and subsequently analyzed frame by frame. Results: Out of 20 volunteers, 16 (80%) were able to volitionally induce an eructation. Significant widening of the hypopharynx region up to the relaxant upper esophageal sphincter could be recorded. The structures were clearly visible in the offline analysis. In 13 (81%) of the 16 subjects who could induce an eructation, the upper esophageal sphincter was partially visible or free for full inspection. Conclusion: The eructation method as a simple physiological function can be used as a complementary method during flexible transnasal endoscopy to enhance visibility of the entire hypopharynx region as well as the upper esophageal sphincter.

Comparison of the Effect of Cold Drink and Dexamethasone, and their Combined Effect on Children with Croup

Aims Croup is a clinical syndrome which included inspiratory stridor, coughing with a dog-like sound, noise obstruction and respiratory distress symptoms. This present study was conducted to compare the effects of cold drink and dexamethasone, and the effects of their co-administration on children’s croup. Materials and Methods In this study, all patients with croup admitted to the emergency ward of Madani Hospital Khorramabad were divided through the simple randomized method into 3 groups after informed consents were taken from their parents. The first group was given cold drink, second group with dexamethasone (DM), and the third group were given the combined treatment simultaneously. The patients in the first and second groups who did not show signs of improvement received the simultaneous treatment similar to the third group. The data were analyzed using the SPSS software through descriptive statistics and inferential statistics including multi-field variance analysis and co-variance analysis. Result The results of the study indicated a statistically significant between the 3 group in terms of improvement time-scale of croup clinical symptoms (P=0.001). There was no significant difference observed between the effects of other variables on improvement time-scale of croup clinical symptoms. Conclusion The cold drink has less treating effect than DM and combined simultaneous treatment method. Also, DM had more influence than simultaneous treatment method. In addition, other variables including age, sex, birth weight, BMI, respiratory allergy and previous croup history did not influenced improvement time-scale and only type of intervention influenced improvement time-scale of croup clinical symptoms.