Atyaik chikitsa in Sushrut samhita with special reference to surgical emergency management – A Review

ABSTRACT Ayurvedic system of medicine does not limit itself to just fulfilling the needs of primary health care, but also reach out to certain specialised areas such as emergency conditions management. Sushruta is a father of Indian Surgery and Sushruta Samhita is only complete book, which deals with the problems of practical surgery, especially emergency conditions. Acharya Sushruta has described various surgical emergencies namely; Sadyo vrana, Badhgudodara, Asthibhagna, Ashmari, Chidrodar, Moodgarbha, Heamorrhahe and their management. Even though the clear guidelines for various emergencies was described by Acharya Sushruta, but over the due course of time these practices have become absolute. Surgery is highly developed in contemporary science and emergency management have emerged as a super speciality stream, but still there are certain conditions where they fall short. So a review of Atyaik chikitsa with special reference to surgical emergency management according to Acharya Sushruta is being attempted, which may help to find solution for future.

Chinese consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer with liver metastases

Background: The incidence of gastric cancer with liver metastases (GCLM) is 9.9–18.7%, with a median survival time of 11 months and a 5-year survival rate <20%. Multidisciplinary treatment (MDT) is gradually gaining recognition as the most important method. However, specific treatment plans remain unclear. The aim of study was to provide a consensus to improve the diagnosis and treatment of GCLM. Methods: We brought together experts from relevant medical fields across China, including the Chinese Research Hospital Association Digestive Tumor Committee, Chinese Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, Chinese Gastric Cancer Association, and the Gastrointestinal Surgical Group of Chinese Surgical Society Affiliated to Chinese Medical Association, to discuss and formulate this consensus. Results: A consensus was reached on the diagnosis and treatment of GCLM. Moreover, we have developed a new clinical classification system, the Chinese Type for Gastric Cancer Liver Metastases, based on the likelihood of a surgical treatment being successful. Conclusions: The MDT mode should be implemented throughout all treatment of GCLM. A Chinese version of this expert consensus has been published in the Chinese Journal of Practical Surgery (Volume 39, Issue 10, p. 405-411). Written permission was obtained from the Chinese Journal of Practical Surgery to disseminate the expert consensus in English.

Severin Klosowski alias George Chapman

Severin Klosowski was born on the morning of 14 December 1865 in the village of Nagornak near Kolo in part of Russian-occupied Poland. He died 38 years later, as George Chapman, on the morning of 7 April 1903 in London, hanged for poisoning three of his partners with antimony in a way that was long and painful but which made it appear they were dying of natural causes. What is rather unusual about these murders were the many witnesses to the way that he carried them out. Antonio Klosowski was 30 and his wife Emilie 29 when their son Severin was born. They were Roman Catholics, and Antonio was the village carpenter. When he was seven years old, on 17 October 1873, Severin started primary school, which he attended for the next seven years, leaving on 13 June 1880, with a good final report. Later that year, on 1 December, he was apprenticed to Moshko Rappaport, in Zwolen, 90 km south of Warsaw. Rappaport would train him to be a feldscher, an occupation combining the roles of barber and minor surgeon. This qualification would allow him to perform small operations by himself, or to assist major surgery carried out by a fully qualified surgeon. In the summer of 1885, when he was 19, Severin left Zwolen and, armed with a good reference from both his employer and a local doctor, he set off for Warsaw with the idea of becoming a fully qualified surgeon. To finance himself through his studies he took a job as an assistant to a barber-surgeon in the suburb of Praga, and that October he enrolled for a three-month course in practical surgery at the Hospital of Infant Jesus nearby. In January 1886 Severin took a job as an assistant surgeon to a D. Moshkovski and continued working thus until 15 November that year. The following month he came of age: that allowed him to apply for a passport and he was also allowed to sit the entrance examination for the degree of Junior Surgeon at the Imperial University.