PHYTOCHEMICAL EXTRACTIONS, QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS, AND EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN THE LEAF AND STEM BARK OF SOLANUM PUBESCENS WILLD.

Objective: The objective of this study was to extract the phytochemicals from leaf and stem bark of Solanum pubescens, perform qualitative analysis, and evaluate antimicrobial activity of the phytochemicals against certain microbial pathogens. Methods: Leaf and stem bark of S. pubescens was subjected to phytochemical extractions using Soxhlet apparatus with five different solvents, identified the major constituents in different solvent extracts using standard protocols and investigated the potential antimicrobial activities of the extracts against certain selected bacterial and fungal pathogens by agar well diffusion method. Results: The maximum yield was in methanolic extracts of leaf and stem bark of the study plant such as 18.51 and 12.5%, respectively, followed by the hydroalcohol extracts (14.23 and 10.00%). Qualitative phytochemical analysis revealed maximum number of extracted bioactive compounds when compared to other similar studies. Among the five different solvent extracts of S. pubescens, n-hexane extract of stem bark was found to be active against all the bacterial pathogens and stem bark extracts made with methanol and hydroalcohol showed antifungal activity against all the four fungal pathogens tested. Leaf extracts made with solvents such as n-hexane and ethyl acetate showed inhibition against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, hydroalcohol extract was active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium while none of the leaf extracts of the study plant showed inhibition zones against fungal pathogens tested. Conclusion: Multiple solvent extraction approach yielded the phytochemicals which are not yet reported and the antimicrobial activities of phytochemicals acknowledged their medicinal value.

IN VITRO DIRECT MULTIPLE SHOOT INDUCTION FROM LEAF EXPLANTS OF SOLANUM PUBESCENS WILLD

Efficientin Vitro direct multiple shoot regeneration from Solanum pubescens was achieved from leaf explants on MS medium Sublimated with B5 vitamins and different concentrations and different combinations of PGRs like BAP, NAA and GA3. The maximum numbers of multiple shoots were achieved from leaf explants on 3.0 mg/l BAP + 1.0mg/l GA3. The regenerated shoots were transferred in to half strength MS medium fortified with IBA for root induction. Rooted plantlets were successfully acclimatized. This new and transfer into the field Conditions. Standardized and reproducible protocol useful the mass propagation of Solanum pubescens.

Antibacterial Activity of Solanum pubescens - An Ethnomedicinal Plant from South Western Region of Andhra Pradesh

The present movement to find out alternative antibacterial drugs from medicinal plants and the presence bioactive phytochemicals in fruit andstem bark of Solanum pubescens, promoted the authors to take up the antibacterial evaluation of fruit and stem bark extracts of Solanumpubescens. Against clinical and plant pathogenic bacterial strains by employing the methods of National Committee for Clinical LaboratoryStandards (NCCLS). It was observed that all the extracts showed inhibition zone against one or more of the tested bacteria between 80 to 160 μg/ml concentrationswith 3.17 ±0.17 to 10 ± 0.17 mm inhibition. The spectroscopic determination of MIC and MBC exhibited by extracts went between 100-300μg/ml. In fruit extracts, fruit chloroform (FC) has inhibited all the tested organisms, similarly, fruit ethyl acetate (FEA) inhibited Bacillussubtilis and Xanthomonas sp. whereas, fruit ethanol (FET) has been restricted to inhibit Bacillus subtilis at 100 μg/ml. Furthermore, amongall the active extracts of stem bark extracts bark chloroform (BC) showed potential inhibition of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli with81.44% and 82.17% respectively. Similarly, bark bottom crystals (BBC) extracts inhibited Bacillus cereus and Xanthomonas sp. with 77.38%and 77.72% respective inhibition at 100 μg/ml concentration.The present exploration has revealed that the extracts from fruit and stem bark of S. pubescens revealed potential antibacterial activity againstGram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria, which are validating the ethnomedicinal claims and this the first report of investigation of above extracts forits antibacterial activity.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v2i4.11280 Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol. 2(4): 501-509