Study of Different Positions of Sprinklers for Irrigation System

The use of sprinkler is becoming prevalent day by day. A sprinkler system should be designed to apply water homogeneously without erosion or runoff. The sprinkler application rate of the system should be harmonized to the infiltration rate of the most restrictive soil in the field. If the application rate exceeds the soil intake rate, the water will run off the field or relocate within the field resulting in over and under watered areas. Three different sprinkler systems for irrigation purpose are proposed in this paper. The three different systems are stating the configuration of the sprinklers as at between 2 rows but on height with 2 sprinklers, on plants at topmost position and on plants at topmost position but 2 sprinklers at position. The comparison based on the eleven points amongst the three configurations along with the traditional sprinkling system is made and further the most suitable configuration of sprinkler system is predicted.

Risk Assessment for Co-contaminated Soil Including As and Hg in the Vicinity of Abandoned Metal Mine

Objectives:In Korea, about 2,000 abandoned mine area has been polluted by harmful waste such as mine tailing, waste rock and acid mine drain without prevention facility. Mine waste contains high concentrations of various hazardous metallic and nonmetallic materials. Also, it can be a source of pollution for nearby soil, rivers, and ground water. Heavy metals may exist in ecosystems for a long time and may be taken by the residents through crops and drinking water. In this study, human risk assessment for heavy metal contamination was carried out.Methods:About the 564 soil samples were analyzed for heavy metal. The risk assessment of polluted soils was carried out in accordance with guideline of Korea Soil Environment Conservation Act. It was implied with hazard identification, exposure assessment, toxicity assessment, and risk characterization.Results and Discussion:The number of exceed sites for the worried level of soil concentration were 185 for As, 3 for Hg, 7 for Zn, 1 for Pb, 1 for Cu. Soil contact was the biggest impact on adults and children for carcinogenic risk followed by crop intake, soil intake, and soil inhalation. Non-carcinogenic risk for adults, were in order of crop intake > soil intake > soil contact > outdoor air inhalation (volatilization) > ground water intake and soil inhalation. For children, it was in the order of soil intake > crop intake > soil contact > outdoor air inhalation (volatilization) > ground water intake > soil inhalation.Conclusion:The carcinogenic purification target concentration for the site was determined to be 7.17 mg / kg level of arsenic, considering adult and child concentrations. However, carcinogenic purification target concentration by arsenic dermal absorption carcinogenic coefficients (SF_abs) of USEPA method was 20.08 mg/kg, therefore requiring research for domestic risk assessment factor.

ENTUPIMENTO DE GOTEJADORES EM DECORRÊNCIA DE PULSOS DE PARTÍCULAS SÓLIDAS NA MALHA HIDRÁULICA

ENTUPIMENTO DE GOTEJADORESEM DECORRÊNCIA DE PULSOSDE PARTÍCULAS SÓLIDAS NA MALHA HIDRÁULICA Rubens Duarte Coelho1; Luiz Artur Alvarenga Vilela2; Ronaldo Souza Resende1; Marconi Batista Teixeira1; Jocelito Sacol de Sá11Departamento de Engenharia Rural, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, [email protected] memorian 1 RESUMO Ruptura de tubulações em sistemas de irrigação resulta, inevitavelmente, na entrada de partículas sólidas do solo, as quais podem entupir gotejadores. Em experimento realizado em condições de laboratório, foi avaliada a sensibilidade de cinco modelos de gotejadores ao entupimento de causa física, através da simulação de pulso de sujeira com solo, em função do tempo de operação, da posição de instalação do gotejador na linha terciária e da textura do solo. Os resultados demonstraram ser o fator posição de instalação do emissor de maior preponderância em relação a fatores de textura do solo e tempo de operação. Os modelos Ram e Tiran apresentaram menor sensibilidade ao pulso, enquanto os modelos Streamline, Dripline e Typhoon mostraram desempenho inferior. UNITERMOS: obstrução física, gotejamento, pulso de sujeira COELHO, R. D.; VILELA, L. A. A.; RESENDE, R. S.; TEIXEIRA, M.B.; SÁ, J. S. de. DRIP CLOGGING BY DIRTINESS PULSE OCCURRENCE 2 ABSTRACT An experiment was conducted at The Laboratory of Irrigation in The Department of Rural Engineering, ESALQ, USP,Piracicaba-SP,Brazil, in order to evaluate different dripper designs for physical clogging potential to dirtiness pulse by soil intake in pipeline. System operation time, emitter connection point and soil texture were evaluated. The results showed that emitter connection point was more sensitive to plugging potential than soil texture and system operation time. There were significant differences among emitter models in relation to clogging potential. Ram andTiranmodels had better performance than Streamline, Dripline and Typhoon ones. KEYWORDS: physical plugging, drip irrigation, dirtiness pulse