PP387 Budget Impact Analysis Of Adalimumab In The Treatment Of Ankylosing Spondylitis In China

IntroductionAnkylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common disease that causes pain and affects productivity. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) like adalimumab can bring better clinical efficacy and improve quality of life. Adalimumab is likely to be covered by health insurance. It is necessary to assess the impact of adalimumab for patients with AS on the medical insurance budget in China. Our research aims to give support evidence for policy-making.MethodsFrom the perspective of medical insurance payers, a budget impact model was established to evaluate the impact of adalimumab for the treatment of adults with severe active AS that has responded inadequately to conventional therapy. The time horizon was 5 years (2020–2024). The cost of measurement included drug and treatment costs for adverse events. Scenario analysis was conducted to evaluate the results under different drug price reimbursement ratios and treatment ratios.ResultsBased on the current price of adalimumab (CNY 3,160 [USD 446]/unit), under the reimbursement ratio of 70 percent, adalimumab will increase medical insurance expenditure by CNY 162 [USD 22] million, CNY 152 [USD 21] million, CNY 114 [USD 16] million, CNY 100 [USD 14] million and CNY 88.11 [USD 12] million in the next 1–5 years, respectively. The increased medical insurance expenditure accounts for 0.091, 0.085, 0.064, 0.056, and 0.049 percent of the annual medical insurance expenditure in the next 1–5 years, respectively, which is assumed to be equivalent to the expenditure in 2018 of CNY 1782.2 [USD 251] billion.ConclusionsThe budget impact of adalimumab for AS on medical insurance expenditure is limited, and including adalimumab in the medical insurance catalogue can reduce the burden on individuals, enrich treatment options, and satisfy clinical needs better.

Insurance Companies and the Efficiency of Financial Intermediation in Nigeria

The study examined the relationship between insurance companies and financial intermediation in Nigeria.The insurance industry is a vital part of the entire financial system. Apart from commercial banks, insurance companies contribute significantly to financial intermediation of the economy. Despite the fact that insurance companies are vital part of Nigerian financial system, Nigerian insurance companies have been struggling to meet up with their objective of enhancing sound financial intermediation efficiency. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between Total insurance claims and Total insurance Income, Total insurance expenditure in order to determine the impact of insurance companies on financial intermediation efficiency in Nigerian insurance sector.This study relied basically on secondary data which are obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin (CBN) and National Insurance Commission (NAICOM) annual report.The method of data analysis employed to achieve the stated objective is multiple regression analyses. It was revealed that there exist a positive or strong correlation between the dependent variable and independent variable in the insurance efficiency equation. Independent variables has been found as an increasing function of Dependent variable, this means that there is an increase in the level at which insurance companies fulfil their customers claims. It was also discovered that the parameter of total insurance income and other insurance expenditure in relationship with total insurance claim is statistically significant. The study therefore recommends that policies should be formulated to address firm-specifics and macroeconomic fundamentals that will drive down the high wedge between total insurance claims and total insurance income to further strengthen the efficiency of financial intermediation which will impact positively on economic growth. The study also recommends that there is need to strengthen the supervisory framework to curb tendencies for rent seeking behaviour of insurance company’s management.

Insurance Companies and the Efficiency of Financial Intermediation in Nigeria

The study examined the relationship between insurance companies and financial intermediation in Nigeria. The insurance industry is a vital part of the entire financial system. Apart from commercial banks, insurance companies contribute significantly to financial intermediation of the economy. Despite the fact that insurance companies are vital part of Nigerian financial system, Nigerian insurance companies have been struggling to meet up with their objective of enhancing sound financial intermediation efficiency. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between Total insurance claims and Total insurance Income, Total insurance expenditure in order to determine the impact of insurance companies on financial intermediation efficiency in Nigerian insurance sector.This study relied basically on secondary data which are obtained from Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin (CBN) and National Insurance Commission (NAICOM) annual report.The method of data analysis employed to achieve the stated objective is multiple regression analyses. It was revealed that there exist a positive or strong correlation between the dependent variable and independent variable in the insurance efficiency equation. Independent variables has been found as an increasing function of Dependent variable, this means that there is an increase in the level at which insurance companies fulfil their customers claims. It was also discovered that the parameter of total insurance income and other insurance expenditure in relationship with total insurance claim is statistically significant. The study therefore recommends that policies should be formulated to address firm-specifics and macroeconomic fundamentals that will drive down the high wedge between total insurance claims and total insurance income to further strengthen the efficiency of financial intermediation which will impact positively on economic growth. The study also recommends that there is need to strengthen the supervisory framework to curb tendencies for rent seeking behaviour of insurance company’s management.

Differentiation in expenditure on insurance in households

The aim of the research is to present the differentiation of expenditure on insurance in various types of Polish households. Research material consisted of data from surveys of household budgets conducted by Statistics Poland in the years 2004 and 2014. Correlation and variance analysis were used to determine the dependence of insurance expenditure on: disposable income per capita, household size, education, age and sex of the head of the household, household socio-economic group and class of the place of residence. The factors which had the greatest impact on insurance expenditure were disposable income per capita and education of the head of the household.

Private dental insurance expenditure in Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To quantify the household expenditure per capita and to estimate the percentage of Brazilian households that have spent with dental insurance. METHODS: We analyzed data from 55,970 households that participated in the research Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares in 2008–2009. We have analyzed the annual household expenditure per capita with dental insurance (business and private) according to the Brazilian states and the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the households (sex, age, race, and educational level of the head of the household, family income, and presence of an older adult in the household). RESULTS: Only 2.5% of Brazilian households have reported spending on dental insurance. The amount spent per capita amounted to R$5.10 on average, most of which consisted of private dental insurance (R$4.70). Among the characteristics of the household, higher educational level and income were associated with higher spending. São Paulo was the state with the highest household expenditure per capita (R$10.90) and with the highest prevalence of households with expenditures (4.6%), while Amazonas and Tocantins had the lowest values, in which both spent less than R$1.00 and had a prevalence of less than 0.1% of households, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Only a small portion of the Brazilian households has dental insurance expenditure. The market for supplementary dentistry in oral health care covers a restricted portion of the Brazilian population.