Where are young generation? What kind of social network attract them?

The purpose of this study is to explore the Instagram users’ behaviors since Instagram users are rapidly growing recently. This study is based on Bhattacherejee’s (2001) IS Continuance Model, and try to propose a behavioral scale for Instagram users. Then, providing a research model to explore the relationship between the reasons they used Instagram, attitude and future intention. There are two steps in this study; first, exploring the patters of Instagram users and building the behavioral scale. We take quantity methodology and in-depth interview since in-depth interview could help to find those constructs which are not found yet. Second, a survey was completed on university campus, and structure equation model method was applied in this study. Since majority of Instagram users are young generation, the study was aimed at college students. A university was selected for the participant, and stratified random sampling was adopted with two controlled variables (gender, and college). A total of 395 questionnaires were completed in the university. The findings indicated that the motivation of Instagram users were different from Facebook users. Based on the in-depth reviews, participants had two main reasons to addict with Instagram. One was for “interesting” and the other was for social bounds. For the theory based model, results showed mostly supporting the relationships. Results could also be applied for the related industries, for creating a marketing platform (e.g. Instagram) to promote new service or product. Nowadays, Instagram is newly virtual social media compare to Facebook, and the users’ behavioral patterns were different from them. Therefore, it is an essential issue should be focus for the society. Keywords: Social Network; IS Continuance Model; Instagram

Development and Verification of a Web Board Game Scale

Objective Our previous study suggested that monitoring online board gamers may be an efficient approach to curb illegal gambling. We aimed to invent and validate a behavioral scale for assessing the risk of problematic web-based board gaming.Methods The sample included 300 Korean adults, representing a response rate of 3.1%. All participants were asked to complete a set of questionnaires, which included questions on demographic variables, patterns of online board gaming, and the web-based board game scale score. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to determine whether the items on the new behavioral scale would indicate a risk of pathologic web-based board gaming behavior.Results The internal consistency of the 17-item scale was high (Cronbach’s α=0.89). The test-retest reliability of the 17-item scale in a randomly selected sample of 100 participants in 2 weeks was r=0.77 (p<0.001). The criterion-related validity based on a comparison of the total behavioral scale scores between the high-risk group and low-risk group was relatively high. The data obtained from the 300 participants were acceptable for a factor analysis. After removing 7 items from the 17-item scale, internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) of the 10-item scale increased to 0.936.Conclusion These results showed that the 10-item version of the scale appeared to be more valid than the 17-item version. We suggest that the 10-item web-based board game behavioral scale is a useful tool for assessing the risk of pathologic web-based board gaming.

Use of Rodent Sedation Tests to Evaluate Midazolam and Flumazenil in Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana)

This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of rodent behavioral tests to assess the effects of midazolam and flumazenil in green iguanas. Four tests commonly used to assess sedation in rodents—the open field test, forced swim test, behavioral scale, and traction test—were conducted in 10 juveniles iguanas. The animals received midazolam (2 mg/kg IM) or 0.9% NaCl (0.4 mL/kg IM), and the tests were conducted between 0 and 300 min thereafter. To verify the effects of midazolam and flumazenil, the most informative tests from the evaluation stage and the limb withdrawal latency time (LWLT) were used. All 10 iguanas were tested under 4 conditions, as follows: MS, midazolam (2 mg/kg IM), followed 30 min later by 0.9% NaCl (0.4 mL/kg IM); FS, flumazenil (0.05 mg/kg IM), followed by 0.9% NaCl (0.4 mL/kg IM) 30 min later; MF, midazolam (2 mg/ kg IM), followed by flumazenil (0.05 mg/kg IM) 30 min later; and CON, 0.9% NaCl (0.4 mL/kg IM). The behavioral scale and the forced swim test showed the best detection of the onset, peak effect, and the differences between the sedated and control iguanas, with testing done between 15 and 240 min after drug administration. The sedative effect of midazolam began at 15 min and persisted through 180 min when assessed on the behavioral scale and 240 min when assessed by the forced swim test; flumazenil administration reversed the sedative effect. An increase in the LWLT was observed in the midazolam treatment groups between 15 and 30 min after drug administration. Flumazenil decreased LWLT between 15 and 180 min in the FS and at 60 min in the MF. In conclusion, the best methods to assess sedation in iguanas were the behavioral scale and the forced swim test. A dose of 2 mg/kg of midazolam was effective at inducing sedation in these juvenile iguanas, and this effect could be reversed by flumazenil.