INFLUENCE OF VARIOUS FACTORS ON THE CONTENT OF THE MASS FRACTION OF THE INSOLUBLE PART IN HOOKAH TOBACCO

Исследовано влияние влажности табачного сырья, его сортотипа, количества в рецептуре на содержание массовой доли нерастворимой части в табаке для кальяна. Объектом исследования были образцы кальянных смесей разных торговых марок, приобретенных в торговой сети Краснодара и составленных в лабораторных условиях Всероссийского научно-исследовательского института табака, махорки и табачных изделий. Образцы кальянной смеси изготавливали по единой для всех образцов рецептуре и технологической схеме: увлажнение, резка, выдерживание в соусе с нагревом, охлаждение. Влажность и количество табачного сырья в рецептуре варьировали. Методом количественного определения содержания табака в готовом продукте, основанном на способности части ингредиентов кальянных смесей растворяться в воде, определяли массовую долю нерастворимой части. Установлено, что содержание массовой доли нерастворимой части в табаке для кальяна различных торговых марок, приобретенном в торговой сети Краснодара, составляет 5,2–8,8%. Сортотип табачного сырья, его химический состав и добавленный в смесь ароматизатор не влияют на содержание массовой доли нерастворимой части в табаке для кальяна. Содержание массовой доли нерастворимой части табака для кальяна в значительной степени зависит от влажности и количества табачного сырья, используемого в рецептуре. Увеличение влажности исходного сырья приводит к уменьшению массовой доли нерастворимой части в смеси для кальяна: при влажности сырья 10% массовая доля нерастворимой части 6,8%; при влажности того же сырья 16% массовая доля нерастворимой части 5,2%. The influence of humidity of tobacco raw materials, its variety type, and the amount in the recipe on the content of the mass fraction of the insoluble part in hookah tobacco has been studied. Samples of hookah mixes of various brands purchased in the retail network of Krasnodarand compiled in the laboratory of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Tobacco, shag and Tobacco Products were the object of research. Samples of hookah mix were made according to the same formulation and technological scheme for all samples: humidification, cutting, keeping in a sauce with heating, cooling. The humidity and amount of tobacco raw materials in the formulation varied. By quantifying the content of tobacco in the finished product, based on the ability of some of the ingredients of hookah mixtures to dissolve in water, the content of the mass fraction of the insoluble part was determined. It is established that the content of the mass fraction of the insoluble part in hookah tobacco of various brands purchased in the retail network of Krasnodar is 5,2–8,8%. The variety type of tobacco raw materials, its chemical composition and added flavor to the mixture do not affect the content of the mass fraction of the insoluble part in hookah tobacco. The content of the mass fraction of the insoluble part of tobacco for hookah largely depends on the humidity and the amount of tobacco raw materials used in the formulation. The increase of humidity of raw materials leads to a decrease of the mass fraction of the insoluble part of hookah tobacco: if moisture content of raw materials 10% mass fraction of the insoluble portion of 6,8%; the humidity of the same raw materials 16%, the mass fraction of the insoluble portion of 5,2%.

Über ein Glykolipopeptid aus Chloroplasten und sein serologisches Verhalten / On a Glycolipopeptide from Chloroplasts and its Serological Properties

The methanol-ether extract of chloroplasts contains an ether-insoluble part which after purification was classified as a glycolipopeptide. This fraction can be precipitated by the antisera to the lamellar system of chloroplasts. By immunisation of rabbits with this compound, a glycolipopeptideantiserum was obtained. This antiserum precipitates the glycolipopeptide. There was only one precipitation line in the diffusion test. This antiserum agglutinates stroma-freed chloroplasts and precipitates the ultrasonic supernatant and the structural protein of stroma-freed chloroplasts. It must be concluded from the results of the agglutination inhibition experiments, that the reactive groups of the glycolipopeptide, in regard to the lamellar system antiserum, are the same as those of the structural protein and the supernatant of the sonicated lamellar system. The annulment of the immunreaction after periodate treatment points to the role of carbohydrates as the determinant groups.

Iodinated vancomycin and mucopeptide biosynthesis by cell-free preparations from Micrococcus lysodeikticus

A particulate preparation from Micrococcus lysodeikticus was used to synthesize cell-wall mucopeptide. Radioactive iodinated vancomycin became attached to the preparation simultaneously with a complete inhibition of mucopeptide synthesis. After mucopeptide synthesis had occurred in the absence of antibiotic, the preparation took up more vancomycin, suggesting that new binding sites terminating in acyl-d-alanyl-d-alanine had been produced. The mucopeptide product was divided into a soluble and an insoluble portion, both sensitive to lysozyme. The soluble portion did not combine with vancomycin and hence had presumably lost its terminal d-alanine residues, either by transpeptidation or because of carboxy-peptidase action. The synthesis of both portions was unaffected by the presence of penicillin, but the insoluble part showed increased affinity for vancomycin, thus indicating that penicillin had caused conservation of d-alanyl-d-alanine termini.

A few facts relative to the colouring matters of some vegetables

The author offers the scattered facts contained in this paper to the notice of the Society, in the hope that they may induce some other person to extend the experiments, interesting not merely in che­mistry but also in the art of dyeing. The author observes that Fourcroy’s opinion,—that turnsole is red originally, and made blue by carbonate of soda,—is erroneous, for its tinctures contain no alkali of any kind ; he found in it a small por­tion of carbonate of lime. The insoluble part of turnsole is rendered red by acids, but not affected by carbonate of soda; when burned, a portion of smalt remains. The soluble part was obtained by evapo­rating its aqueous solution. When burned it leaves a little potash, which the author thinks essential to its composition, and that, like ulmin, it may be a compound of a vegetable principle with potash. The next colouring principle noticed by the author is that of the violet, it is reddened by acids, and becomes first green and then yellow by the alkalies and the carbonates. A similar principle exists in the petals of the red rose, of red clover, of the tips of the daisy, in the blue hyacinth, hollyhock and lavender, in the inner leaves of the artichoke, in the skin of plums, and in several other vegetable sub­stances, also in the red cabbage. To this principle the author ap­plies the name of Ajax, whose blood is fabled to have dyed the violet.