The Morphophonology of Moroccan Arabic Derived Causatives

This paper aims at investigating the morphophonological make-up of derived causatives in Moroccan Arabic within the framework of Optimality Theory (Prince & Smolensky, 2004). Causative verbs in MA are characterized by the systematic gemination of their medial consonants. However, it is not easy to determine the morphological nature of the causative morpheme involved in this derivation. Also, it is not clearly known why the causative morpheme gets realized exactly on the second segment of the base form. Therefore, we seek to achieve the following goals. First, we intend to determine the nature of the causative morpheme. Second, we aim to explain why the causative morpheme is realized on the second segment of the base form. In this respect, we show that the causative morpheme is represented by a featureless consonantal mora that targets the second segment of the base root, turning it into a geminate. We also show that the causative morpheme gets infixed thanks to the privileged status of root-initial segments.

Kategoria jednokrotności w polskich czasownikach

The Category of Semelfactivity in Polish Verbs Iterativity occurs in opposition to semelfactivity; when no contrast is present, these terms lose their meaning. Iterativity may be difficult to perceive in verbs such as robić ‘to do’, smucić się ‘to be sad’, malować ‘to paint’, which can be used both in an iterative and a semelfactive capacity. It is therefore worthwhile to consider the problem of the opposition between iterativity and semelfactivity; it is worthwhile to investigate the morphological form of verbs which refer to actions that only happen once; it is worthwhile to examine the role of the aspect in those verbs, and to analyse their semantic marking (apart from semelfactivity). The issue is important for the Polish language, and yet it is commonly said that iterativity is in Polish in a state of decline. It is, however, only one certain type of the iterative : semelfactive pairs that is in decline; the emergence of the aspect changed the morphological nature of these pairs. The final part of the article (Section 6) poses the problem of word formation properties of verbs that refer to one-time acts. In those verbs in which the prefix only has an inchoative or final value in reference to the base (pomyśleć ‘to think’, zrobić ‘to do’), a blocking of the formation of iterativa can be observed. It might be even said that if such a verb is formed, it is an indication that the prefix introduced not only the value of perfectiveness, but perhaps another meaning as well. The peculiarity of semelfactivity has further consequences for the derivational system. It turns out that verbs which refer to actions that happen only once are incapable of creating substantive derivatives apart from names of actions, e.g. kopnięcie ‘a kick’, przewrócenie się ‘falling over’, zmartwienie się ‘becoming worried’. The problem is illustrated on the basis of examples furnished by dictionaries of word formation nests edited and developed by Mirosław Skarżyński.

Study of Morphological Nature of Coronavirus: Causes and Prevention

The emergence of an unusual Corona virus (COVID-19) flu pandemic starting in China in December 2019, spreading all around the globe is a major threat to public health. The investigations have shown this virus originated from a seafood market in Wuhan. However, the unavailability of medicines for the new disease is a big challenge all around. An attempt has been made in the present article to familiarize about the morphology of the virus. The study of effect of pH, temperature and relative humidity is also depicted. Various preventive measures have also been discussed. The natural dietary measures suggested in the paper would be very beneficial to improve and boost the immunity of the mankind.

The grammar behind word association tasks

Most word association tasks (WATs) focus on semantic representations but can also illuminate other linguistic phenomena (Van Rensbergen et al., 2015). This study reports a WAT comprising 152 Portuguese verbs and their corresponding compositional deverbal action nouns ending in -ção, that aims to test whether the morphological nature of the stimulus conditions the response. The results suggest that (i) the morphological structure of the stimuli does condition the response; (ii) associations can be constrained by grammatical factors other than semantics; and (iii) L1 Portuguese speakers are more likely to respond with a word belonging to the same word family if the stimulus is a complex word.

The Middle Atlas Geological karsts forms: Towards Geosites characterization

Rich limestone Jurassic formations and huge water reservoir are natural characteristics of the Middle Atlas Chain in Morocco, which, therefore, offers geodiversity of karst geosystems. The geological, tectonic and hydro-geo-morphological nature of the history of Atlas orogeny has affected the eastern part of the Middle, ensuring the evolution of karst features on various sites of this zone. This study presents some touristic offers specific to the Middle Atlas, particularly in terms of genesis, structures, and functions that could develop and promote public tourism offers. It argues that this development depends on future geological funds identification and classification as Geosites. On the basis of the patrimonial process characterising the Middle Atlas, this study suggests the creation of a Geopark in the Middle Atlas, within the framework of the evaluation criteria of the UNESCO. The implementation of this suggestion would contribute to the socioeconomic development of this region of Morocco.

Signs of rotating equatorial density enhancements around SRb pulsators

We observed the circumstellar environments (CSEs) of the semiregular AGB stars L2 Puppis, R Doradus and EP Aquarii with ALMA. (1) The molecular emission in the L2 Pup nebula reveals an edge-on rotating disk. (2) PV diagrams of the 28SiO emission in the inner CSE of R Dor expose a pattern pointing to an inclined rotating disk. (3) The CO emission in the CSE of EP Aqr reveals a nearly face-on equatorial density enhancement (EDE). The inner EDE strongly resembles theoretical wind-Roche-lobe-overflow models. The SiO emission points to a potential companion. The combination of (1), (2) and (3) suggests that a link may exist between the type of AGB pulsations and the morphological nature of the CSE.