The Effect of Injection of Saline Adrenaline (1/100000) 15ml versus 5ml on the Skin Edema and Thickness in Rhinoplasty Intraoperative

Background Nasal skin edema is a common result of soft and bony tissue trauma during rhinoplastic procedures. In a cosmetic surgery like rhinoplasty, skin edema can fade the cosmetic results and can lead to dissatisfaction for both the surgeon and the patient. Local saline /adrenaline injection is claimed to reduce the nasal skin edema intraoperative. Aim of the work To assess effect of injection of saline adrenaline (1/100000) 15ml versus 5ml on the skin oedema and thickness during rhinoplasty through thesis study. Subjects and Methods In this study 30 cases of rhinoplasty will be operated, 15 cases will be injected by saline adrenaline (1/100000) of 5ml and the others 15 cases will be injected by saline adrenaline (1/100000) of 15 ml, then measuring the skin oedema after 10 minutes of saline adrenaline (1/100000) injection, after 30 minutes and after 60 minutes of the injection at three sites; the dorsum, supratip and the tip of the nose by Seal Gouge Caliper (surgical caliber). Results the intraoperative skin edema was significantly decreased with local injection of large amount (15ml) of saline /adrenaline 1/100000 than the usual injected amount (5ml) saline /adrenaline 1/100000 specially at the tip and the supratip of the nose and specially at 30 min and 60 min after injection, but statistically significance difference only at 60min at the dorsum. Conclusion that the skin oedema much less with injection of 15ml of saline adrenaline (1/100000) in comparison to injection of 5ml of saline adrenaline (1/100000).

Research on the Utilization of Saline Alkali Water Resources Based on Two-Phase Flow

In order to reasonably use solar energy to solve problems such as land desertification and soil salinization in Southern Xinjiang, this paper proposes a system combining photothermal and flash evaporation technologies, which use local saline water for desalination treatment to achieve secondary utilization of water resources. Firstly, we introduce the whole system of the photovoltaic desalination plant. As an important heat-collecting element of the system, the solar tube is the key to whether this plant can work efficiently. Then, we carry out the detection and theoretical derivation of data along the tube. We establish a two-phase flow model of saline water in the tube, considering convective heat transfer, and define the formula of the heat collecting efficiency factor. Finally, based on iterative calculation, the temperature trend of the tube and the change law of the two-phase flow are obtained, and the ecological and economic benefits and energy efficiency of the system are analyzed.

Construction and Engineering Application of Salt-Discharging Model for Local Saline-Alkali Soil with Compact Structure in the Yellow River Delta

Structural characteristics of local saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta were studied by microscopic test methods of liquid nitrogen vacuum freeze-drying machine, fully automatic mercury intrusion porosimetry, X-ray diffractometer, and high- and low-vacuum scanning electron microscope. Permeability of the saline-alkali soil belongs to two grades of micropermeable water and extremely micropermeable water. Average volume ratio of pores with diameters no more than 2 μm is 86.25%; therefore, the saline-alkali soil may mainly consist of micropores and ultramicropores. Most void ratios of the soil are not beyond 0.5, and its dry densities are all greater than 1.6 g/cm3. Because average proportion of the clay minerals is only 12.24%, they are obviously not the main reason for poor permeability of the local saline-alkali soil. Based on the structural characteristics of compact structure and slightly developed fracture, mechanisms of surface runoff, and water-salt migration of the local saline-alkali soil, a salt-discharging engineering model mainly with surface runoff was established considering auxiliary infiltration and without interflow. Salt content distribution of the local saline-alkali soil is studied experimentally, by which relationship between salt content and conductivity has been fitted as y = 2.74x. The relationships between depth and salt content in the saline-alkali soil region present that the depth of salt-discharging engineering as open ditch should be beyond 60 cm. From the relationships between precipitation and salt content, the effectiveness of engineering measure shown in the salt-discharging model has been verified immediately or indirectly, and the engineering salt-discharging model may be suitable for managing saline-alkali soil in the Yellow River Delta.

Experimental Study on the Reinforcement Treatment of Saline Soil Subgrade

Using cement or lime and cement to solidify the local saline soil. The physical and mechanical properties were comparative analyzed of the curing chlorine saline soil with different ratio, through compaction test and CBR test. The best cure programuse is 6% lime and 6% cement for the saline soil.

Study of the inflammatory process induced by injection of carrageenan or formalin in the rat temporomandibular joint

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the injection of two phlogistic agents, carrageenan and formalin, in the rat TMJ, and the inflammatory process induced by these substances. In this study, a total of 45 adult rats were distributed in two experimental groups and a control group. The animals were sacrificed after three hours, 24 hours, three days, seven days, and 15 days after a single injection of each substance. Histological data initially demonstrated an inflammatory process represented by acute infiltration, which later became mixed, and finally chronic in both experimental groups. Hyperplasia of the synovial membrane was observed after three days, being intense at seven days, and present after 15 days only in the formalin group. Local saline injection in the control group caused no inflammatory reaction. It was concluded that a single local injection of carrageenan or formalin was enough to induce inflammatory reaction in the TMJ and periarticular soft tissues, and that the resulting processes were similar, but more persistent in the formalin group.