Design and Development of a Hardware Efficient Image Compression Improvement Framework

Background: In the region of image processing, a varied number of methods have already initiated the concept of data sciences optimization, in which, numerous global researchers have put their efforts upon the reduction of compression ratio and increment of PSNR. Additionally, the efforts have also separated into hardware and processing sections, that would help in emerging more prospective outcomes from the research. In this particular paper, a mystical concept for the image segmentation has been developed that helps in splitting the image into two different halves’, which is further termed as the atomic image. In-depth, the separations were done on the bases of even and odd pixels present within the size of the original image in the spatial domain. Furthermore, by splitting the original image into an atomic image will reflect an efficient result in experimental data. Additionally, the time for compression and decompression of the original image with both Quadtree and Huffman is also processed to receive the higher results observed in the result section. The superiority of the proposed schemes is further described upon the comparison basis of performances through the conventional Quadtree decomposition process. Objective : The objective of this present work is to find out the minimum resources required to reconstruct the image after compression. Method : The popular method of quadtree decomposition with Huffman encoding used for image compression. Results : The proposed algorithm was implemented on six types of images and got maximum PSNR of 30.12dB for Lena Image and a maximum compression ratio of 25.96 for MRI image. Conclusion: Different types of images are tested and a high compression ratio with acceptable PSNR was obtained.

Parallelization of Atomic Image Reconstruction from X-ray Fluorescence Holograms with XcalableMP

X-ray fluorescence holography is a three-dimensional middle range local structure analysis method, which can provide three-dimensional atomic images around specific elements within a radius of a few nanometers. Three-dimensional atomic images are reconstructed by applying discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to hologram data. Presently, it takes long time to process this DFT. In this study, the DFT program is parallelized by using a parallel programming language XcalableMP. The DFT process, whose input is 21 holograms data of 179 × 360 points and output is a three-dimensional atomic image of 1923 points, is executed on PC cluster which consists of 8 nodes of Intel Xeon X5660 processors and 96 cores in total and we confirmed that the parallelized DFT execution is 94 times faster than the sequential execution.

Size-dependent diffusion controls natural aging in aluminium alloys

A key question in materials science is how fast properties evolve, which relates to the kinetics of phase transformations. In metals, kinetics is primarily connected to diffusion, which for substitutional elements is enabled via mobile atomic-lattice vacancies. In fact, non-equilibrium vacancies are often required for structural changes. Rapid quenching of various important alloys, such as Al- or Mg-alloys, results for example in natural aging, i.e. slight movements of solute atoms in the material, which significantly alter the material properties. In this study we demonstrate a size effect of natural aging in an AlMgSi alloy via atom probe tomography with near-atomic image resolution. We show that non-equilibrium vacancy diffusional processes are generally stopped when the sample size reaches the nanometer scale. This precludes clustering and natural aging in samples below a certain size and has implications towards the study of non-equilibrium diffusion and microstructural changes via microscopy techniques.

Laser Ablation of Crystalline Material With and Without Water on Material Surface

The phase and morphological changes of crystalline material during laser internal ablation with and without water on the material surface are studied using molecular dynamics simulations. The atomic image of the material morphology was obtained by recording the velocity and position variation of atoms. Temperature distribution contour of the crystalline material along the ablation process are charted by statistical physics method. Furthermore, density variation and phase variation contour of water are also charted. The results suggest that: First, during the ablation process of crystalline materials, energy transfer occurs between water and crystalline materials. Supercritical water is formed first, which restrains the sputtering of crystalline materials due to phase explosion and puts off the sputtering. Then the physical state of water changes from liquid to gaseous. Second, with water on the surface, the cavity shape is different from that without water, the width of upper part of cavity is decreased. Third, the volume of the cavity is affected by the thickness of the water layer.

Unveiling the structural evolution of 1T SnS2 anode upon lithiation/delithiation by TEM

Pure 1T SnS2 was synthesized by the hydrothermal method and its atomic image was obtained. The Li-storage performance and its structure evolution were revealed by ex situ TEM.

Fast Calculation Algorithm Using Barton's Method for Reconstructing Three-Dimensional Atomic Images from X-ray Fluorescence Holograms

A fast calculation algorithm for three-dimensional atomic image reconstruction from X-ray fluorescence holography (Barton's method) is described. This method employs HEALPix, an algorithm that is used to subdivide a spherical surface in which each pixel covers an identical surface area. Using this algorithm, the computing time for atomic image reconstruction is reduced by a factor of 14.5. The time can be reduced further by parallel processing and an optimization of the resolution parameter of HEALPix.

STM Self-Calibration Technique Based on Image Stitching

Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has several advantages, such as high resolution, and is wildly used. Piezoelectric scanner brings the horizontal resolution of STM up to 0.1 nm, and is it derived by piezoelectric ceramic. Piezoelectric scanner has piezoelectric ceramic’s character. So, piezoelectric scanner output must be calibrated at regular intervals. Graphite atom arrange in a special manner. In the same layer, the distance between adjacent atoms is the same, 0.25nm. This feature can be used to measure length and calibrate small scale scanning. For the 512 × 512 resolution image, the maximum scan range that can distinguish atoms is 30nm2. More large area of atomic image needs to use image stitching technology. By image stitching, small scale scanning, less than 1μm can be calibrated.