Known but not called by name: recreational fishers’ ecological knowledge of freshwater plants in Hungary

Background Documenting local ecological knowledge (LEK) has recently become a topic of considerable interest. LEK can contribute to various areas of ecology, including habitat management and conservation biology. It has been recently revealed that recreational fishers’ ecological knowledge (FEK) can also provide valuable information about different organisms and habitats, while recreational fishers’ ecological knowledge is understudied in many aspects and regions of the world. Methods We aimed to record Hungarian recreational FEK on plant species related to freshwater habitats. Our research was conducted in three regularly fished water bodies in Hungary, namely Lake Velence, Keleti Main Canal, and Lake Látóképi, where a total of 72 interviews were conducted with recreational anglers. During interviews, 24 plant species occurring at freshwater habitats with common or sporadic distribution were shown to anglers as single species or in congeneric pairs. Miscellaneous plant-related knowledge of anglers was also collected. Results Anglers identified a total of 16 plant species. They used 45 botanical or folk names. An angler knew the name of 4.6 plants on average and recognized 7.4 other species without naming it. According to our detailed analysis, anglers were able to name or at least recognize those plant species which are somehow related to fishing activities, are salient, and/or common. Moreover, anglers at Lake Velence recognized less plant species; however, they also had less years of fishing experience compared to anglers of the other two locations. Conclusion We found that recreational FEK exists even in the case of freshwater plants which are not the main focus of anglers. It is highly presumable that recreational fishers would be able to provide reliable ecologically related data for scientific research establishing future citizen science projects of nature conservation.

Procedural Justice and Demographic Diversity: A Quasi-Experimental Study of Police Recruitment

Online recruitment materials are often the first encounter for individuals considering a police career. Procedural justice (PJ) theory argues that how police officers treat the public is an important predictor for future citizen cooperation. Taking steps towards becoming a police officer is a unique form of organizational cooperation. This project examined job interest for a sample of 993 respondents in Amazon’s mTurk, experimentally manipulating whether the presented recruitment materials emphasized PJ policing or not (PJ content) in a quasi-experimental vignette design. The PJ content significantly increased two of the four job interest outcomes. PJ theory also argues fair and respectful treatment should impact all groups similarly, deemed the invariance thesis. The results largely showed groups being influenced in similar ways. This study’s findings largely support this extension of PJ theory, and are useful to practitioners interested in building their recruitment pool through economical changes in recruitment materials.

Digital Citizen Science for Responding to COVID-19 Crisis: Experiences from Iran

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has so far been the most severe global public health emergency in this century. Generally, citizen science can provide a complement to authoritative scientific practices for responding to this highly complex biological threat and its adverse consequences. Several citizen science projects have been designed and operationalized for responding to COVID-19 in Iran since the infection began. However, these projects have mostly been overlooked in the existing literature on citizen science. This research sheds light on the most significant online citizen science projects to respond to the COVID-19 crisis in Iran. Furthermore, it highlights some of the opportunities and challenges associated with the strengths and weaknesses of these projects. Moreover, this study captures and discusses some considerable insights and lessons learned from the failures and successes of these projects and provides solutions to overcome some recognized challenges and weaknesses of these projects. The outcomes of this synthesis provide potentially helpful directions for current and future citizen science projects—particularly those aiming to respond to biological disasters such as the COVID-19 pandemic.

Known But Not Called by name: Recreational Fishers’ Ecological Knowledge of Freshwater Plants in Hungary

Background: Documenting local ecological knowledge (LEK) has recently became a topic of considerable interest. LEK can contribute to various areas of ecology, including habitat management and conservation biology. It has been recently revealed that recreational fishers’ ecological knowledge (FEK) can also provide valuable information about different organisms and habitats, while recreational fishers’ ecological knowledge is understudied in many aspects and regions of the world. Methods: We aimed to record Hungarian recreational FEK on plant species related to freshwater habitats. Our research was conducted in three regularly fished water bodies in Hungary, namely Lake Velence, Keleti Main Canal, and Lake Látóképi, where a total of 72 interviews were conducted with recreational anglers. During interviews, 24 plant species occurring at freshwater habitats with common or sporadic distribution were shown to anglers as single species or in congeneric pairs. Miscellaneous plant related knowledge of anglers was also collected. Results: Anglers identified a total of 16 plant species. They used 45 botanical or folk names. An angler knew the name of 4.6 plants on average, and recognized 7.4 other species without naming it. According to our detailed analysis, anglers were able to name or at least recognise those plant species which are somehow related to fishing activities, are salient and/or common. Moreover, anglers at Lake Velence recognized less plant species, however, they also had less years of fishing experience compared to anglers of the other two locations. Conclusion: We found that recreational FEK exist even in the case of freshwater plants which are not the main focus of anglers. It is highly presumable that recreational fishers would be able to provide reliable ecologically related data for scientific research establishing future citizen science projects of nature conservation.

ANALYSIS OF EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT INDEX (EDI): A BLOCK LEVEL ANALOGY IN UTTAR DINAJPUR DISTRICT, WEST BENGAL

Education is a man-making process that nurtures an individual’s fullest development. In this sense, education is referred to as developing the intellect, essential thinking abilities, social and intellectual understanding, and acceptance of one’s self (Basics in Education, NCERT, 2014). The role of education should not cease at imparting learning and skills. It should further aim to empower a future citizen to perform expected roles and challenges with higher-order quality and perfection. Every country develops its system of education to express and promote its unique socio-cultural identity and also meet the challenges of times. According to UNESCO (1996), quality education must be supported by the four pillars of learning: learning to know, learning to do, learning to be, and learning to live together. They are still unable to avail their right to education as a fundamental right due to lack of awareness, economic provision, guidance, government support, etc. The male literacy rate is 65.52 per cent and the female literacy rate is 52.17 per cent in the district (Census of India, 2011). In this present paper, an attempt has been made to identify the education scenario and explain its basic index of the district by Principal Component Analysis Index (PCAI).

Citizen engagement and the Covid-19 mask communication

This paper looks at the changing communication environment of public sector organizations and examines how the traditional understanding of citizen engage-ment is becoming outdated. Building on literature on customer engagement from marketing and civic engagement from the field of political science, this article es-tablishes the process of citizen engagement in the public sector. Our propositions for future citizen engagement include the following: (i) a willingness and empow-erment to engage from both sides, (ii) the potential for either positive or negative manifestations, (iii) realistic expectations for outcomes, (iv) an understanding of its process-form and (v) having the aim of improving society. We tested these propo-sitions in the context of young opinion leaders in Finland in the Covid-19 related communication aiming to engage citizens to wear protective face masks. Our data confirmed the five propositions, and two new ones also emerged from the data: citizen engagement (vi) occurs in the global information environment and (vii) is enforced by others in society.

A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF MOTHERS REGARDING PREVENTION OF UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS AMONG UNDER FIVE CHILDREN IN A SELECTED COMMUNITY AREA AT BANGALORE.

“Children are the Wealth of Tomorrow - Take them, if you wish to have a strong INDIA, ever ready to meet various challenges” - Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru The child is the future citizen of the nation. World's greatest resource for a healthy future lies in the children of today. Today's children are tomorrow's citizens and leaders. The resources spent on the care and health of the young ones form an investment for the future. Respiratory tract infection is a frequent cause of acute illness and infection in children. Many paediatric infections are seasonal. The child's response to the infection will vary based on the age of the child, causative organism, general health of the child, existence of chronic medical conditions, and degree of contact with other children

Snapshot of the Use of Urban Green Spaces in Mexico City during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study

The present qualitative research explores the factors that have influenced the use of urban green spaces (UGS) in Mexico City during the COVID-19 pandemic and the implications of their usage on residents’ well-being. This study was conducted using a combination of solicited audio and written diaries, photography, and in-depth interviews with 16 participants, aged 22 to 58. The article provides a critical reflection on the incentives and deterrents to the UGS use of participants while social distancing measures were in place. The results show that in Mexico City: (1) participants’ lack of access to UGS has hampered their use, mainly among those of low-income neighborhoods; (2) UGS size did not directly impact participants’ UGS use during the pandemic; and (3) women were deterred from accessing UGS due to safety concerns related to the fear of violence. Overall, the results suggest that UGS use has served as a coping mechanism to decrease the effects of stress and isolation caused by the pandemic, increasing users’ physical and mental well-being. This study’s conclusions can help develop future citizen participation tools that are useful for resilience in urban design, as they provide interesting insights into the perceptions of residents, such as the most valued characteristics of UGS.

Przyszłość już była. Dystopie w najnowszym kinie science fiction Ameryki Łacińskiej

This paper examines the various ways in which contemporary Latin American science fiction films contest the neocolonial and neoliberal narratives, dominant in the region since the 20th century. I identify and examine strategies that filmmakers employ to challenge the common understanding of such notions as time, modernity and technological progress. I outline the visions of dystopias presented in the examined films, while also analyzing the counter-narratives introduced by filmmakers, which are mostly focused on creating a new, hybrid identity for a future citizen.