The Cognition Role to Understanding Planning and Architectural Production

This paper focuses on the concept of cognition and its clarification in the light of Islamic epistemology. Knowledge passes through two essential parts: conception and assent. Conception explains simple knowledge, while assent explains knowledge involving a judgment. The paper proceeded with the identification of the problem of relationship blurring between cognition and knowledge. The external and inner senses have explained the relationship between the stages of knowledge and cognition. The external senses receive stimuli and form primary conceptions. These conceptions transfer to the first part of the inner senses, which is common sense; it collects the sensations and transmits them to pictorial power. Secondary conceptions are formed, accompanied by feeling. Then, the estimative power role emerges in imparting meaning to be stored in memory, here knowledge is suspicion, and the perception is achieved. Finally, the images reach the thinking power to impart the specific meaning of the image, which constitutes cognition. Using the Hagia Sophia Case Study, the paper reached important indices in clarifying the cognition stages and understanding of planning and architectural production. These indices were represented by: color, scale, lighting, the harmony of the building with its surroundings, and the meanings associated with cultural, social, and civilized values. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091715 Full Text: PDF

The Arctic and Africa in China’s Foreign Policy: How Different Are They and What Does This Tell Us?

The article discusses China’s policies in and towards the Arctic and Africa within a comparative perspective. To what extent is China’s policy adaptable to different conditions? What does this adaptability tell us about China’s ascendant great-power role in the world in general? What is the message to the Arctic and Africa respectively? The article concludes that China’s regional strategies aptly reflect the overall grand strategy of a country that is slowly but surely aiming at taking on the role of leading global superpower. In doing so, Chinese foreign policy has demonstrated flexibility and adaptive tactics, through a careful tailoring of its so-called core interests and foreign policy principles, and even identity politics, to regional conditions. This implies that regions seeking autonomy in the context of great power activism and contestation should develop their own strategies not only for benefiting from Chinese investment but also in terms of managing dependency on China and in relation to China and great power competition.

The Structure of Kink Identity: Four Key Themes Within a World of Complexity

What is the structure of kink identity? Using a thematic analysis design, our study explored this question through 70 in-person interviews with adults 18 years and older living in Northern California who identified as kinky. Four key themes of kink identity emerged from our analysis: sex, power, headspace, and community. Although there were great variety and diversity in how these four themes were characterized -- both as separate and overlapping themes, we were able to conceptually group these themes into seven discrete subthemes based on how our 70 participants narrativized their kink experiences during interviews: (1) intertwining of kink and sex; (2) intense physical sensations (SM); (3) sensual experiences (fetish); (4) eroticizing power differentials; (5) fluidity vs stability of power role in kink activities and relationships; (6) community connections; and (7) headspace or altered states of consciousness. That our thematic analysis developed into these seven subthemes suggests that kink identity is a multidimensional structure of complex and diverse aspects.

Expressive suppression within task-oriented dyads: The moderating role of power

Although research has so far consistently revealed that using suppression to regulate emotions has adverse personal and social effects, it has been argued that suppression may be less detrimental within non-close relationships. In the present work, we examined the effects of experimentally induced suppression on expressive behavior, emotional experience, and social outcomes within task-oriented interactions between individuals randomly assigned to high/low vs. equal power positions. Eighty-eight participants were randomly paired with a partner of the same gender (forty-four dyads). After being randomly assigned to one of four experimental conditions created to manipulate suppression use and power, each dyad was asked to complete two problem-solving tasks. The results showed that the participants who were assigned to the subordinate (low-power) role and who used suppression to regulate their emotions reported more negative emotional experience than did individuals assigned to equal-power roles, as well as more inauthenticity and diminished feelings of rapport compared to subordinates who freely expressed their feelings. Moreover, we found that the use of suppression also influenced participants assigned to the manager (high-power) role, as they exhibited less positive behavior, reported less positive experience and lower feelings of rapport when interacting with a partner asked to suppress. When individuals were assigned to equal power roles, the participants instructed to use suppression reported lower levels of positive emotions than did their partners as well as higher feelings of inauthenticity compared to uninstructed participants. Overall, these findings seem to suggest that suppression may impair task-oriented interactions between high/low power individuals more than interactions between individuals sharing equal power.

Children Exploitation in Disruptive Technology Era

It is impossible to ignore the fact that social media as powerful marketing too in this disruptive era. The user, transform and claim themselves as a content creator, such as endorser and social media influencer. Meanwhile, children are also included in this social media endorser phenomenon. Children are juvenile and not capable of making decisions for themselves. This study aims to map how child exploitation in social media platforms, such as Instagram and YouTube, are conducted. Using the case study method, we observe various child influencer accounts. Based on the research, we found that there are several parties related to child exploitation in social media. Social-media platforms, advertisers, state agencies, followers or subscribers, parents, and children are the parties related to the case. Social-media platforms, verifying the underage accounts. Advertisers are those who choose the children endorser; State agencies as the lawmaker who let this kind of case slip without any further action; Follower or Subscriber who support the contents; Parents who play their power role to use their children; and children as the labor. These findings lead to conclude; children are regarded as workers who generate profit from investments made by their parents. Di era disrupsi teknologi saat ini, sulit untuk mengabaikan fakta bahwa media sosial adalah alat pemasaran yang berpengaruh. Pengguna, mentransformasikan dan mengklaim diri mereka sebagai pembuat konten, seperti endorser dan influencer media sosial. Sementara anak-anak juga termasuk dalam fenomena pendukung media sosial ini. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa anak-anak sebagai endorser sebenarnya adalah bentuk eksploitasi anak terbaru. Anak-anak tidak mampu membuat keputusan untuk diri mereka sendiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan bagaimana eksploitasi anak-anak di platform media sosial, seperti Instagram dan Youtube, dilakukan. Menggunakan metode studi kasus, kami mengamati berbagai akun influencer anak. Kami menemukan bahwa beberapa pihak terkait dengan eksploitasi anak di media sosial. Platform sosial-media, pengiklan, pemerintah, pengikut atau pelanggan, orang tua dan anak-anak adalah pihak yang terkait dengan kasus ini. Platform sosial-media, karena memverifikasi akun di bawah umur. Pengiklan, adalah mereka yang memilih penggunaan anak-anak; Pemerintah sebagai pembuat hukum yang membiarkan kasus seperti ini bergulir tanpa regulasi; Pengikut atau Pelanggan yang mendukung konten; Orang tua yang memainkan peran kekuatan mereka untuk menggunakan anak-anak mereka; dan Anak-anak sebagai pekerja. Temuan ini mengarah pada kesimpulan, anak-anak dianggap sebagai pekerja yang menghasilkan laba dari investasi yang dilakukan oleh orang tua mereka.

Super Power of Antioxidant in Oxidative Stress and Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorder characterized by peculiarly high levels of blood glucose due to complete or relative insufficiency of insulin secretion as well as disturbances in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. Increasing indication revealed that oxidative stress plays a main role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Free radicals are formed excessively in diabetes by glucose oxidation and non-enzymatic protein glycation. Abnormally high levels of free radicals and the simultaneous decline of antioxidant defense mechanisms can lead to damage of cellular organelles and enzymes increased lipid peroxidation, and development of insulin resistance. This penalty of oxidative stress can promote the development of complications of diabetes mellitus. Antioxidants obtained from nature helps in neutralization of reactive oxygen species and significantly reduce the probability of progression of diabetic complications. A variety of nutritionally important vitamins, supplements and some constituents of natural food sources, including cappers, broccoli, tomatoes, berries, grapes, spinach, carrots, nuts, etc. naturally trim down the injury caused by oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus. The review describes the oxidative stress and super power role of antioxidants role in diabetes mellitus.

Regional Power Role and Intervention: The Turkish Case Over Syria in the 2000s

The article elaborates how Turkey’s relations with Syria, which have been pursued by varying foreign policy instruments and conduct, have greatly affected Turkey’s standing on the Middle East during the 2000s. By employing the relevant concepts, “regional power” and “third party intervention” in the literature, the article aims to explain the changes caused by the Syrian conflict in the AKP’s ( Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi—the Justice and Development Party) foreign policy in a better frame. After the Syrian conflict, Turkey’s increasing intervention in Syria including use of force resulted in a new power projection other than soft power in its regional relations. Neighboring a civil war state caused Ankara to organize its relations with Syria and the Middle East in a new context which requires new mechanisms, new partnerships, and new interpretations in the face of rising nongovernmental armed groups, refugee flows, changing regional alignments, and diverging interests with its major Western allies.

Implicit and Explicit Gender Stereotypes at the Bargaining Table: Male Counterparts’ Stereotypes Predict Women’s Lower Performance in Dyadic Face-to-Face Negotiations

In every major occupational group and at every level of educational attainment, U.S. women earn less than men (Carnevale et al. 2018). Besides a component explained by objective factors (e.g., hours worked, occupation, experience), the gender wage gap includes a large component unexplained by objective factors. This latter component may be attributed, at least in part, to factors such as gender stereotyping and discrimination. In one study, we focus specifically on negotiation partners’ gender stereotypes by investigating mock face-to-face negotiations around salary and benefits mimicking real world job settings. We specifically investigated whether U.S. women’s (n = 83) negotiation performance was predicted by their negotiation counterparts’ implicit and explicit gender stereotypes and whether these effects depended on the gender of the negotiation counterpart and their randomly assigned power role in the negotiation (recruiter vs. candidate). Overall, our findings suggest that regardless of women’s power role in negotiations, women’s lower performance is predicted by their male counterparts’ higher implicit stereotypes. For female recruiters, this effect is further qualified by their male counterparts’ explicit stereotypes. Our discussion explores how temporary power roles contribute to the expression of implicit and explicit gender stereotypes in negotiations. We also discuss practice implications for reducing negative effects of stereotypes on women’s negotiation performance.