Effects of Ultra-Highly Diluted Solutions of Palicourea marcgravii St. Hill in Rats Poisoned by Aqueous Extracts of This Plant

Palicourea marcgravii , a shrub causing sudden death in cattle, is a major cause of economic loss to breeders in Brazil. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of high diluted solutions 6cH and 30cH of P. marcgravii, on the development of tolerance to the toxic effects of this plant. 14 adult Wistar rats were divided into 3 test groups. AE group was composed of 4 rats receiving aqueous extract of P. marcgravii intragastrically at a dose of 2g/kg. Groups HD6AE and HD30AE comprised 5 rats each. Animals in these groups received 1 mL of 6cH and 30cH solutions of P. marcgravii respectively by oral route 3 times a day, for 8 days. At the end of this period, they were intragastrically intoxicated with 2g/kg of aqueous extract of P. marcgravii, receiving the corresponding high diluted preparation hourly until death. Main symptoms were nervous excitability and convulsions. Even though the times for onset of the first clinical signs, convulsions and death was slightly longer in the animals in group HD30AE when compared to group AE, no evidence indicating that the highly diluted preparations increase tolerance to intoxication by P. marcgravii was found. Keywords: Palicourea marcgravii; Intoxication; Isopathy; High dilutions; Wistar rats.  Efeitos de altas diluições de Palicourea marcgravii St Hill em ratos intoxicados com extrato aquoso dessa planta. Resumo Palicourea marcgravii, arbusto que causa morte súbita no gado, é um dos principais motivos de perda para os criadores brasileiros. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito de altas diluições de P. marcgravii 6cH e 30cH no desenvolvimento de tolerância aos efeitos tóxicos dessa planta. 14 ratos Wistar adultos foram divididos em 3 grupos experimentais: AE (extrato aquoso), composto de 4 ratos que receberam extrato aquoso de P. marcgravii por via intragástrica na dose de 2g/kg; e HD6AE e HD30AE, compostos de 5 animais cada um, que receberam 1 ml, respectivamente, das soluções 6cH e 30cH de P. marcgravii via oral, 3 vezes ao dia por 8 dias. No final esse período, foram intoxicados com 2g/kg de extrato aquoso de P. marcgravii por via intragástrica, continuando a receber a correspondente alta diluição de forma horária até a morte. Os principais sintomas observados foram excitabilidade nervosa e convulsões. Embora o início para o começo dos primeiros sinais clínicos, convulsões e morte foi ligeiramente mais longo no grupo HD30AE por comparação com o grupo AE, não foram achadas evidéncias de que altas diluições aumentem a tolerância na intoxicação por P. marcgravii. Palavras-chave: Palicourea marcgravii; Intoxicação; Isopatia; Altas diluições; Ratos Wistar.  Efectos de altas diluciones de Palicourea marcgravii St Hill en ratones intoxicados con extracto acuoso de esta planta Resumen Palicourea marcgravii, arbusto que causa muerte súbita en ganado, es uno de los principales motivos de pérdidas en ganadería. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de altas diluciones de P. marcgravii 6cH y 30cH en el desarrollo de tolerancia a los efectos tóxicos de esta planta. 14 ratones Wistar adultos fueron divididos e 3 grupos experimentales: AE (extracto acuoso), compuesto por 4 ratones, que recibieron extracto acuoso de P. marcgravii por vía intragástrica, en dosis de 2g/kg; y HD6AE y HD30AE, compuestos por 5 animales cada uno, que recibieron respectivamente 1 ml de las soluciones 6cH y 30cH de P. marcgravii vía oral, 3 veces al día, durante 8 días. Al final de este plazo, los animales fueron intoxicados con 2g/kg de extracto acuoso de P. marcgravii por vía intragástrica, mientras continuaron recibiendo la correspondiente alta dilución cada hora, hasta el deceso. Los principales síntomas observados fueron excitabilidad nerviosa y convulsiones. Aunque el tiempo hasta el comienzo de los primeros signos clínicos, convulsiones y muerte fue mayor en el grupo HD30AE en comparación al grupo AE, no fueron encontradas evidencias de que las altas diluciones aumentasen la tolerancia a la intoxicación por P. marcgravii. Palabras-clave: Palicourea marcgravii; Intoxicación; Isopatia; Altas diluçiones; Ratones Wistar.  Correspondence author: Luiz Figueira Pinto, [email protected] How to cite this article: Pinto LF, Castilhos LR, Telhado J, França TN, Brito MF, Peixoto PV. Effects of High Diluted Solutions of Palicourea marcgravii St Hill in Rats Poisoned by Aqueous Extracts of This Plant. Int J High Dilution Res [online]. 2008 [cited YYYY Mmm DD]; 7(25): 193-198. Available from: http://journal.giri-society.org/index.php/ijhdr/article/view/301/372. ÂÂÂ

Carrying out specialties of aqua aerobics lessons and its varieties

The modern problems solution, impairment population’s health, through involvement of its wide miles in active leisure and improvement is closely connected both with development of improving recreation. This is due to the expansion of the content of health and recreational activities, rethinking the role of its individual types and areas of health fitness programs. The article considers the increasing role of aquatic types of physical culture and sports and the role of aqua aerobics, as one of the types of recreational and health technologies, and their impact on the female body. Aqua aerobics it is a complex of physical exercises in water with elements of swimming, gymnastics, stretching and strength exercises. Aqua aerobics has a healing effect on the whole body. It promotes good posture, removes tension in osteochondrosis, has a positive effect on the cardiovascular system, normalizes blood pressure, strengthens the skeleton total muscles, increases the body's defenses, removes stress, nervous excitability, improves psycho-emotional state, burns calories well which leads to weight loss. Aqua aerobics improves strength, endurance, flexibility and agility, as well as improve the functional state of the body. Water training gives a feeling of lightness and muscle relaxation. Water is a wonderful natural masseur. Exercises in water improve the condition of the skin and blood circulation. It is recommended to do different types of aqua fitness in swimming pools under the guidance of a trainer-instructor. Only in this case, exercise will be most beneficial to health.

Comparative Study On Concentration Of Some Minerals Found In Garlic (Allium Sativum Linn ) Species Grown In Some African Countries

The concentrations of some minerals: K, Ca, P, Mg, Mn and Cu found in garlic species grown in Nigeria, Senegal and Chad were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The results showed that Nigerian garlic specie contained the highest concentration of phosphorus (1.29mg/L) and Copper (0.017mg/L). Calcium was found to be highest in Senegalese garlic specie (8.639 mg/L) with the Nigerian specie having the second-highest recorded value (6.930 mg/L). The highest values of Potassium, Magnesium and Manganese content were recorded for Chadian garlic (68.26mg/L), (51.60mg/L) and (0.212mg/L) respectively. The results obtained show that Senegalese garlic is rich in Calcium which is an essential mineral required for bone and teeth development, and also in the regulation of nervous excitability. Nigerian garlic is rich in Phosphorus which is a key component of the nucleic acids and also takes part in bone and teeth development; and Copper which plays an important part in blood clotting. The garlic specie from Chad is rich in Potassium, Magnesium and Manganese. Potassium plays an important role in maintaining pH balance and fluid distribution in the body; Magnesium in proper functioning of the muscles; Manganese is used in proper bone formation. Also from the results, there is reasonable variation in the concentration of the minerals, and this may be attributed to the types of soils on which the different garlic species were grown.

S227 – Investigation of the Prion Protein in Subjects with Tinnitus

Objectives The prion protein (PrP) plays a major role in central nervous excitability, cellular adhesion, and neurite outgrowth. We hypothesized that PrP variants may act as a modulator of chronic tinnitus, a condition frequently associated with states of overexcitability in the auditory pathway. Methods 139 Caucasian patients who presented with tinnitus lasting more than 6 months were recruited from a tinnitus clinic, underwent detailed neuro-otological examinations and donated venous blood for the extraction of genomic DNA from lymphocytes. Subjects with a history of vestibular schwannoma, Meniere's disease, or pathological middle ear conditions were excluded. Tinnitus severity was graded using the Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ). A polymorphism encoding residue 117 of PrP was genotyped by PCR-based RFLP. Results When carriers of the minor PrP allele were compared to the remaining subjects, we noted only a moderate difference in mean TQ scores (33.4 ± 4.9 vs. 37.4 ± 1.5, p > 0.05). Conclusions The present results thus do not support a significant effect of PrP variant rs8124214 on subjective ratings of tinnitus. However, functional PrP variants may act on additional outcome parameters, e.g., on the response to treatment. Future studies will need to address the interplay of these variants, and their effects on specific subgroups.

Einfluss eines 11-monatigen Trainings auf die Ergebnisse des "Ängstlichkeitstests" von jungen Halbblut-Hengsten

Title of the paper: Modifying influence of 11-months training on results of ‘timidity’ test of young half bred stallions 78 three-year-old stallions of warm blooded Polish breeds and foreign breeds, kept at the training Centres, were investigated during the period 1998–2001. Stallions had to qualify for a 100-days training, after they passed it, they had to perform an 8-month training program in a central station. To estimate the degree of nervous balance of horses "timidity" a (optical) test was used. Stallions were putt to the tests three times: after qualifying to Training Centre, after completion 100-days training, after completion 8-month training. Stereotypes of stallions maintenance were graded from points 1 to 10. Stallions were divided onto three groups: hyper excitable (1.0–4.0 p), medium excitable (4.1–6.0 p), calm (6.1–10.0 p). Applied "timidity" test showed considerable usefulness to fast and evident opinion of equilibration of nervous system. Rising score in "timidity" test after 100-days as well as 8-months shows the training process had a modifying influence on stallions’ nervous excitability in this period. Largest nervous equilibration was observed at the offspring's of Holstein breed sires’, most excitable after the whole training period were offspring's of noble half bred sires. The highest score of nervous balance after 8-month training was observed at offspring of English thoroughbred sires.

Cerebral Excitation Mechanism and Endoocular Pressure in Consanguineous Subjects

In a previous work on oral contraceptives and tranquillizers the author had postulated an expansion of the cerebrospinal fluid at the time of the vasopressin inhibition.In the present work he has now examined, by means of echoencephalography, the reaction of the third ventricle and intraocular pressure after alcohol ingestion. Ten consanguineous subjects were studied.The results show an increase in diameter of the third ventricle and a decrease of the intraocular pressure as a result of alcohol ingestion. Both these signs indicate a decrease of the cerebrospinal fluid pressure. This decrease, in its turn, shows the rise of the nervous excitability. The author suggests that the third ventricle may act as a resounding cavity capable to modulate the mesencephalic reticular-formation activity and the diffuse thalamic system by means of the electric gradient potential and its pulsation.