Comparative analysis of the success rate of direct and indirect pulp capping procedures - A retrospective analysis

Treatment options of pulp exposure involve either extraction or root canal therapy, as latter involves multiple appointments and considerable expense. An alternate procedure is pulp capping, which is divided into two types- direct, indirect pulp capping. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the success rate of direct and indirect pulp capping procedures based on postoperative pain and patient's visit after pulp capping procedure. As it was a retrospective analysis, data collected from hospital, Chennai, and it consisted of a total of 439 cases evaluated based on the type of pulp capping done. Inclusion criteria consisted of Patients aged 18 – 50 years who received direct, indirect pulp capping procedures. Patients who received deep caries management. Patients who have obvious carious lesions noted clinically, radio graphically and received either complete/ partial caries removal followed by placement of cavity liner. The collected data was imported to excel sheet, analyzed using SPSS software. In this study of 261 patients (99 are females, 162 are males with a mean age of 18-40) were included. It was observed that there was not a significant difference among the groups. Indirect pulp capping has a higher success rate over Direct pulp capping with a p-value greater than 0.05. Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that the indirect pulp capping has a higher success rate over the direct pulp capping procedures, although it's not statistically significant.

Synthesis of Phenols via Metal-Free Hydroxylation of Aryl Boronic Acids with Aqueous TBHP

An alternate procedure for oxidative hydroxylation of aryl boronic acids with aqueous TBHP to access phenols is described. The protocol tolerated various functional groups substituted with aromatic rings. The reaction was performed in water and free from transition metal oxidants.

Simplified Primary Stress Evaluation Procedure for Thinned Class 1 Piping Elbow

Inelastic finite element analysis offers an alternate procedure to evaluate damaged piping components for their fitness-for-service purposes. Redistribution of stress resultants beyond yield taken into account in a typical inelastic analysis becomes significant as a damaged piping component may not satisfy code stress criteria based on elastic analysis. A complete inelastic analysis to estimate the limit load of the component may be a numerically intensive and cumbersome process. This paper involves a two step analytical process — unloading a component to satisfy code stress categories after a prior plastic distribution of stress resultants is setup in the component. Linearization of stresses in the thinned section has shown reduction in the general membrane and membrane plus bending stress intensities when analyzed using this simplified method. To illustrate the method, an analysis is performed on both thick and thin pipe with local thinning.