The Influence of Personal Involvement on Festival Attendees’ Revisit Intention: Food and Wine Attendees’ Perspective

Research on food and wine tourism is recent and mostly attraction-based. Further, it is essential to understand how locally grown food and beverages allow culinary tourists to amplify their involvement experiences and lead to enhance their satisfaction and destination loyalty. This research attempts to explore the structural relationships between the variables of motivation, different types of involvement, physical/intangible service satisfaction, and loyalty in the context of a food and wine festival. Data were collected via intercept surveys on site, which were distributed to and collected from attendees of the Wine and Food Festival in Miami, Florida. The results show that novelty seeking is only positively related to pleasure experience, whereas socialization motivation has an impact on pleasure experience, risk probability, and risk importance. Pleasure experience, in turn, has a positive influence on both physical and intangible service satisfaction; however, risk probability is only related to physical service, and risk importance is related to intangible service satisfaction. Finally, only the satisfaction with an intangible service has a positive impact on loyalty. Findings from this study suggest that developing a marketing strategy for attendees based on the characteristic of their cognitive mode can be effective in increasing their satisfaction and willingness to revisit the festival.

The predictive brain model in diagnostic reasoning

Introduction: Clinical diagnosis is a pivotal and highly valued skill in medical practice. Most current interventions for teaching and improving diagnostic reasoning are based on the dual process model of cognition. Recent studies which have applied the popular dual process model to improve diagnostic performance by “Cognitive De-biasing” in clinicians have yielded disappointing results. Thus, it may be appropriate to also consider alternative models of cognitive processing in the teaching and practice of clinical reasoning. Methods: This is critical-narrative review of the predictive brain model. Results: The theory of predictive brains is a general, unified and integrated model of cognitive processing based on recent advances in the neurosciences. The predictive brain is characterised as an adaptive, generative, energy-frugal, context-sensitive action-orientated, probabilistic, predictive engine. It responds only to predictive errors and learns by iterative predictive error management, processing and hierarchical neural coding. Conclusion: The default cognitive mode of predictive processing may account for the failure of de-biasing since it is not thermodynamically frugal and thus, may not be sustainable in routine practice. Exploiting predictive brains by employing language to optimise metacognition may be a way forward

Research on the Reproduction of Traditional Handicrafts During the Epidemic Period from the Perspective of Anthropology -- Taking Dongchang Carving Gourd as an example

As an excellent representative of traditional handicrafts in West Shandong, Dongchang carving gourd brings together economy and culture. It is not only one of the important sources of rural social and economic income under the background of traditional farming, but also carries the essence of local culture. In 2020, the COVID-19 epidemic suddenly emerged, which seriously affected the foreign sales and cultural activities of Liaocheng's traditional handicraft and Dongchang carved gourd. Based on this, this paper, from the perspective of anthropology, focuses on the transformation of the local social structure and cognitive mode during the epidemic period, and on the theoretical basis of Bourdieu's tourism reproduction theory, expounds the exploration and practice of its reproduction. Finally, combining with the current situation of the development demands of traditional handicraft during the epidemic period, the significance of its reproduction is discussed, so that it can be continuously innovated, inherited and developed as a folk handicraft.

Taste as a Medium of Memory in Anna Królikiewicz’s Installations

The paper explores the multisensory artistic practices of the Polish artist Anna Królikiewicz, in which the sense of taste is pivotal as a medium of memory. Królikiewicz relies on tastes and smells to restore the memory of past moments, places, and people and to give life to the dead. Królikiewicz’s method is unique in that she abandons the exclusively cognitive mode of remembering, promoted by ocularcentrism, which distinctively pervades our culture. The artist aspires to stimulate sometimes anemic memory to compose from scratch an image of a place that is strongly marked by the presence of its previous dwellers. She does not propose a cognitive dialog or intellectual processing of sensory data; instead, she constructs a relationship ensuing from emotional and empathetic processes. She inquires into the nature of perception, modes of remembering, and possibilities to foster a community around the table. Once-alive existences resurface in Królikiewicz’s pieces in the form of sensory traces. Her works are on-site experimentations in which the relations between tasting and recollecting are studied. The paper focuses on two site-specific installations—How much sugar? and The Drugstore—where taste is relied on to build tunnels of memory connecting the contemporary residents of Sopot and Gdansk to the Germans who inhabited the two cities before the WW2.

Thresholds, rules and defensive strategies: how physicians learn from their prior diagnosis-related experiences

BackgroundHealth professionals are encouraged to learn from their errors. Determining how primary care physicians (PCPs) react to a case, in which their original diagnosis differed from the final outcome, could provide new insights on how they learn from experiences. We explored how PCPs altered their diagnostic evaluation of future patients after cases where the originally assumed diagnosis turned out to be wrong.MethodsWe asked German PCPs to complete an online survey where they described how the patient concerned originally presented, the subsequent course of events and whether they would change their diagnostic work-up of future patients. Qualitative methods were used to analyze narrative text obtained by this survey.ResultsA total of 29 PCPs submitted cases, most of which were ultimately found to be more severe than originally assumed. PCPs (n = 27) reflected on changes to their subsequent clinical decisions in the form of general maxims (n = 20) or more specific rules (n = 11). Most changes would have resulted in a lower threshold for investigations, referral and/or a more extensive collection of diagnostic information. PCPs decided not only to listen more often to their intuition (gut feelings), but to also practice more analytical reasoning. Participants felt the need for change of practice even if no clinical standards had been violated in the diagnosis of that case. Some decided to resort to defensive strategies in the future.ConclusionsWe describe mechanisms by which physicians calibrate their decision thresholds, as well as their cognitive mode (intuitive vs. analytical). PCPs reported the need for change in clinical practice despite the absence of error in some cases.

Locus of emotion influences psychophysiological reactions to music

It is now widely accepted that the perception of emotional expression in music can be vastly different from the feelings evoked by it. However, less understood is how the locus of emotion affects the experience of music, that is how the act of perceiving the emotion in music compares with the act of assessing the emotion induced in the listener by the music. In the current study, we compared these two emotion loci based on the psychophysiological response of 40 participants listening to 32 musical excerpts taken from movie soundtracks. Facial electromyography, skin conductance, respiration and heart rate were continuously measured while participants were required to assess either the emotion expressed by, or the emotion they felt in response to the music. Using linear mixed effects models, we found a higher mean response in psychophysiological measures for the “perceived” than the “felt” task. This result suggested that the focus on one’s self distracts from the music, leading to weaker bodily reactions during the “felt” task. In contrast, paying attention to the expression of the music and consequently to changes in timbre, loudness and harmonic progression enhances bodily reactions. This study has methodological implications for emotion induction research using psychophysiology and the conceptualization of emotion loci. Firstly, different tasks can elicit different psychophysiological responses to the same stimulus and secondly, both tasks elicit bodily responses to music. The latter finding questions the possibility of a listener taking on a purely cognitive mode when evaluating emotion expression.

The Motion Beyond Sense

This paper first explores the relationship between cognition and motion. Our typical cognitive mode, based on sensory forms, is integrated and, therefore, non-motion in nature. This highlights stability and relativity for practical cognitive needs, but at the same time prevents us from developing cognition of the complete form of motion. The result is a fundamental cognitive barrier for us to understand motion. By discovering the underlying cognitive principles, however, we can revise the cognitive process and redevelop the cognitive mode to meet the purpose of direct cognition of motion. Based on this newly developed cognitive mode, we will learn motion features directly and understand motion laws and principles, to explain natural phenomena and establish wide-range connections between them. These include the underlying principles of motion, gravity, the creation of matter and material forms, universal motion, and spacetime.

DESIGN TEAM PERFORMANCE: A COMPARISON BETWEEN SELF-FORMED TEAMS AND TEAMS WITH DIVERSE COGNITIVE MODES

The impact of cognitive mode diversity on team performance and student satisfaction was assessed qualitatively and quantitatively in a capstone chemical engineering design course. In the capstone design course, students were permitted to form their own teams and the distribution of cognitive modes was assessed. In a concurrent design course, the same group of students performed projects in instructor-formed teams that optimized the distribution of cognitive modes. The results indicated no significant difference in team satisfaction between teams that had different levels of cognitive diversity. Although trends seemed to indicate higher rank in the course and greater independence and creativity for groups with higher cognitive diversity, these differences were not statistically significant. Generally, students seemed to have similar experiences in student-formed and instructor-formed groups. However, qualitative comments seem to indicate that groups may have worked more professionally and cohesively in the more cognitively-diverse, instructor-formed groups.

Sense and Motion: The Barrier Preventing Us from Understanding Motion

Currently, scientific study and advancements are at odds with the natural motion systems that surround us. This paper explores how it is our sensory form and the cognition developed upon this sensory form that creates a barrier preventing us from truly understanding the laws of motion. It begins by isolating and defining two distinct forms of information and information processing mechanisms: motion information and integrated information. From this new perspective, it then explains how our sensory system is necessarily based on an integrated information mechanism to support basic survival needs, but is essentially blind to the true features of motion. The far-reaching effects of this discovery include the limitations within our cognitive mode and the current methods of scientific study and development.

The Aristotelian Psychology of Tragic Mimesis

This paper argues that the psychology of mimesis presupposed by Poetics 4 is immediately relevant to Aristotle’s psychology of tragic mimesis. µανθάνειν καὶ συλλογίζεσθαι at 1448b16 involve a cognitive mode characteristic of Aristotelian induction that joins particulars with universals through spontaneous, non-discursive noetic predication. Aristotle’s view of the cognition of tragic mimesis can be subsumed under the practice of theōria: the inductive re‑cognition of ethical universals is a ‘theoric’ exercise of philosophical reflection on the particulars of the tragic action, an associative intellection that actualizes the subject’s knowledge by joining ethical universals with the particular mimetic praxeis they regard.