Tautas deju definēšanas problemātika mūsdienās Latvijā

The article “Problems of defining folk dance in Latvia today” examines the aspects that affect the current situation in Latvia, where folk dances are understood as both folk dances that have not been modified by choreographers, dances passed down through generations that can be danced every day, and stage folk dances, which are a type of art performed by folk dance ensembles, created by choreographers and dances adapted to the stage performance. The research aim is to identify and describe the problems that currently exist in the Latvian cultural space, where the definition of folk dances creates tension in the public space and ambiguous opinions among dancers. Nowadays, it is possible to identify such concepts as, for example, folk dance, ethnographic dance, authentic dance, traditional dance, folklore dance, folk dance, folk dance adaptation, field dance, folk ballet, etc. Consistent use of concepts is rarely seen in the documents and research of cultural policymakers and the historical and contemporary works of choreographers and researchers. Often they are only described in general terms. A survey conducted in 2019 shows that dancers consider stage folk dances to be folk dances, and often this separation of dances is not important for them. Another problem is the designation of folk dance ensembles where stage folk dance dancers are dancing. The term misleads; it suggests that folk dances are danced there. However, this designation is linked to its historical time of origin. It is not insignificant that the stage folk dance is more popular, more visible, and massively represented at the Song and Dance Festival. Thus, a part of the society associates it with our folk dances.

Det proto-jurisdiktionelle sprog

In this article, we inquire into the role played by language and core, politicized concepts in inter-professional coordination around expert work in transition. Empirically, we analyze how engineers and landscape architects cooperate around and compete for work related to rainwater management and climate adaptation in cities. We draw on qualitative empirical material, including around 30 in-terviews with involved professionals, focusing on the significance ascribed to the concept of "LAR", local drainage of rainwater, in the wider climate adaptation field since the 1990s. Using Andrew Abbott's (1988, 2005) theory of professions, we show how the story of LAR embodies a wider dynamic of 'proto-jurisdictional' emergence, with new professional roles and languages. Ab-bott places control over work tasks center stage in analyzing professional relations; and this includes 'ecological' considerations for how professions relate to political and academic institutions. On this basis, we show how professional actors use the specific LAR concept as a way of claiming compe-tence and forge alliances with others in the climate adaptation field. In reference to Abbott's notion of the 'knowledge systems' of professions, the implication we draw is that we need to understand professional languages in relation to broader jurisdictional struggles and translations between politi-cal and academic discourses.

Development and validation of a screening instrument for cognitive fluctuation in patients with neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies (NCDLB): the Mayo Fluctuations Scale-Thai version

BackgroundPrevalence of neurocognitive disorder with Lewy bodies (NCDLB) is low in Asian populations, which may partially reflect its diagnostic difficulty. The Mayo Fluctuations Scale, a short questionnaire that evaluates cognitive fluctuation, has been shown to significantly differentiate NCDLB from Alzheimer’s disease.AimThis study aimed to develop the Mayo Fluctuations Scale-Thai version and assess its validity to screen NCDLB in an elderly population.MethodsThe Mayo Fluctuations Scale was translated into Thai. The process involved back-translation, cross-cultural adaptation, field testing of the prefinal version, as well as final adjustments. From all patients attending the Psychiatric and Memory Clinic at Ramathibodi Hospital, 135 patients accompanied by their primary caregivers were included. Caregivers were interviewed by research assistants using a four-item scale, and psychiatrists determined patients’ diagnosis based on the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM)-5 criteria. Evaluations performed by psychiatrists and research assistants were blinded.Results Seventeen participants had been diagnosed with major NCDLB. At a cut-off score of 2 or over, the Mayo Fluctuations Scale exhibited excellent performance to differentiate major NCDLB from other major neurocognitive disorders (NCDs), with a sensitivity of 94.1% and a specificity of 71.4%, and acceptable performance to differentiate mild NCDLB from other mild NCDs, with a sensitivity of 60% and a specificity of 93.1%.ConclusionThe Mayo Fluctuations Scale-Thai version is an excellent screening tool for major NCDLB and an acceptable tool that may be used with other additional tests for mild NCDLB. The tool is practical for use in memory and psychiatric clinics. Further validation studies in participants with other specific clinical conditions are required.

Neural Networks Classifier for Data Selection in Statistical Machine Translation

Corpora are precious resources, as they allow for a proper estimation of statistical machine translation models. Data selection is a variant of the domain adaptation field, aimed to extract those sentences from an out-of-domain corpus that are the most useful to translate a different target domain. We address the data selection problem in statistical machine translation as a classification task. We present a new method, based on neural networks, able to deal with monolingual and bilingual corpora. Empirical results show that our data selection method provides slightly better translation quality, compared to a state-of-the-art method (cross-entropy), requiring substantially less data. Moreover, the results obtained are coherent across different language pairs, demonstrating the robustness of our proposal.

Simplified field measurement methods for the CIE mesopic photometry system

For implementation of the mesopic photometry system in CIE 191:2010 to outdoor lighting, two simplified methods to measure the mesopic luminance are proposed. One of the methods, named the Adaptation Spectral Power Distribution) method, assumes that the spectral power distributions (SPDs) of reflected light at test points on the road surface are the same as that of the adaptation field. Another method, named the Source SPD method, assumes that the reflected light SPDs are equal to the SPD of the light source. Error simulations with a real road surface spectral reflectance dataset show that the error distributes over an 8% range due to the variation of the road surface spectral reflectance in the worst case. Although the bias due to the road surface spectral reflectances causes a large error with the Source SPD method, a proposed correction can reduce the error sufficiently. Error simulations also show that the Source SPD method is not so sensitive for lighting scenes that include multiple light source types. It has been shown that the SPD methods can measure the mesopic quantities without scotopic/photopic luminance meters having both V( λ) and V′( λ) detectors when both the adaptation field and test points consist of road surfaces.

Defining the visual adaptation field for mesopic photometry: Effect of surrounding source position on peripheral adaptation

In CIE 191:2010, the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage recommends a mesopic photometry system based on peripheral visual tasks. For implementation of the system, the visual adaptation field needs to be defined, taking into account the surrounding luminance effect on the state of adaptation. A series of vision experiments in the mesopic range has been conducted to measure the surrounding luminance effect with respect to the angle between a peripheral task point and a point source. The results show that the surrounding luminance effect at a peripheral task point decreases with increasing angle at a larger slope than existing models, such as the Stiles-Holladay equation, the Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage general disability glare formula and the Stiles–Crawford equation. A new model for the surrounding luminance effect is proposed.

Veiling luminance and visual adaptation field in mesopic photometry

In mesopic photometry, adaptation luminance is needed to derive the mesopic luminances for the measurement field. The average luminance of the visual adaptation field is considered as the adaptation luminance. The visual adaptation field has yet to be defined in terms of the size, shape, or location within the visual field. A study in three road lighting situations was conducted, in order to determine the feasibility of using the road surface as the adaptation field compared to circular or elliptical adaptation fields. Currently, the road surface is used as the measurement field for calculating road lighting. Using the road surface as the adaptation field resulted in 76–113%, higher average luminance than obtained using circular or elliptical adaptation fields when the road was bordered by a park. High-luminance sources outside of the visual adaptation field cause veiling luminance. Veiling luminance increases the adaptation state, but not the luminance within the measurement field. The bias veiling luminance can cause on mesopic luminance calculations was estimated to be less than 2%. The estimated bias can be considered trivial in practical road lighting measurements.