Lucas law and the teacher training of a private schoolin Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ: A pilot study

According to the World Health Organization, human safety is based on the development of the individual, understanding the safety of all situations in their daily lives, including safety at school. Consideringthat approximately 80% of school-age children and adolescents attend schools, they have taken on a fundamental role in promoting health and preventing accidents, especially in the school environment. Incidents in the school space occur frequently, most ofthe time, teachers and school employees do not notice risk situations and may even contribute to the aggravation of injured students, since they were not trained to intervene in such emergency demands. The Lucas Law appears in this scenario with the purpose of training teachers and employees, from public and private schools, to provide first aid, avoiding possible accidents. Therefore, this pilot study aimed to train teachers of Kindergarten at a private school in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ, according to the Lucas Law, on the initial measures of first aid. To carry out this pilot study, training was initially carried out on the Lucas Law, with verbal exposition and demonstration of initial first aid measures, through four theoretical-practical videos with 12 teachers. Soon after, the pre-test questionnaire was applied, with closed and semi-open questions related to the training content, and after 10 days, the post-test questionnaire was applied. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics in the SPSS® software, comparing the pre-test and post-test results. It was verified, in the pre-test, 17.5% of correct answers, while in the post-test it reached 83%. Thus, it is concluded that the pilot study made it possible not only to verify the effectiveness of training in the training of teachers, but also the need to carry out training such as this to encourage the autonomy of teachers in cases of accidents and, consequently, favor school safety.

Factors influencing adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV in an urban and rural setting Tanzania

Adherence is one of the most crucial determinants of treatment response toantiretroviral therapy (ART). An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in24 Care and Treatment Centres (CTC) in Dar es Salaam and Iringa regions inTanzania. Data was collected using questionnaire and appointments records. A totalof 943 patients attending at the care and treatment sites in Dar es Salaam and Iringawere recruited. Adherence based on keeping appointments and on four days recallwas 65% and 70%, respectively. Adherence based on taking ART more than 95% ofthe time in one month was 83%. Satisfaction with health services, having treatmentsupport, having knowledge on the use of ART, early presentation to CTC, and beingon ART for more than one year, were associated with good adherence. Being in theurban region, using traditional medicine, medicine side effects and alcoholconsumption problems negatively associated with adherence to ART.

PERKIRAAN WAKTU KEDATANGAN BANJIR BERDASARKAN ANALISIS EMPIRIK REKAMAN DATA SISTEM PERINGATAN DINI BANJIR KOTA BEKASI

Flood disaster that occur in the Kali Bekasi watershed often cause damage of property and casualties. The watershed is divided into two main parts namely upstream and downstream watersheds which are limited by Bekasi Dam. High rainfall in the upstream often causes flooding in Pondok Gede Permai Estate, Bekasi City. To improve community preparedness, a flood early warning system (FEWS) has been installed which consists of 5 monitoring stations along the Cileungsi and Cikeas Rivers in 2017. The main question that needs to be answered in this paper is how long the upstream flood peak will reach community settlements ? Based on the recorded data on the LEWS instrument, the flood peak travel time from the upstream station to the affected area can be calculated empirically. The results ofthe time calculation can be used by stakeholders to carry out evacuation after an early warning is given. The parameter used in this analysis are the river water level at several monitoring stations on the Cileungsi River, namely: Cibongas Irrigation Dam,WIKA Bridge and Pondok Gede Permai.Bencana banjir yang terjadi di DAS Bekasi sering menimbulkan kerugian harta benda maupun korban jiwa. DAS ini terbagi atas dua bagian utama yaitu DASbagian hulu dan bagian hilir yang dibatasi oleh Bendung Bekasi. Curah hujan yang tinggi di DAS bagian hulu sering menimbulkan banjir di Perumahan Pondok Gede Permai, Kota Bekasi. Untuk meningkatkan kesiapsiagaan masyarakat di perumahan tersebut, maka telah dipasang sistem peringatan dini banjir (Flood Early Warning System/LEWS) yang terdiri dari 5 stasiun pemantauan di sepanjang Sungai Cileungsi dan Cikeas pada tahun 2017. Pertanyaan utama yang perlu dijawab dalam makalah ini adalah berapa lama puncak banjir di bagianhulu akan mencapai permukiman masyarakat ? Berdasarkan basis data yang telah terekam pada instrument LEWS tersebut, waktu perjalanan puncak banjir dari stasiun hulu menunju area terdampak dapat dihitung secara empirik. Hasil perhitungan waktu tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan oleh para pemangku kepentingan untuk melakukan evakuasi setelah peringatan dini diberikan. Parameter yang digunakan dalam analisis ini adalah tinggi muka air yang di beberapa stasiun pemantauan di Sungai Cileungsi yaitu : Dam Irigasi Cibongas, Jembatan WIKA dan Pondok Gede Permai.

Patient-centered benefit-risk analysis of transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Background: Aortic stenosis (AS) treatments include surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Choosing between SAVR and TAVR requires patients to trade-off benefits and risks. The objective of this research was to determine which TAVR and SAVR outcomes patients consider important, collect quantitative data about how patients weigh benefits and risks, and evaluate patients’ preferences for SAVR or TAVR. Methods: Patients were recruited from advocacy organization databases. Patients self-reported as being diagnosed with AS, and as either having received AS treatment or as experiencing AS-related physical activity limitations. An online adapted swing weighting (ASW) method – a pairwise comparison of attributes – was used to elicit attribute tradeoffs from 93 patients. Survey data were used to estimate patients’ weights for AS treatment attributes, which were incorporated into a quantitative benefit-risk analysis (BRA) to evaluate patients’ preferences for TAVR and SAVR. Results: On average, patients put greater value on attributes that favored TAVR than SAVR. Patients’ valuation of the lower mortality rate, reduced procedural invasiveness, and quicker time to return to normal quality of life associated with TAVR, offset their valuation ofthe time over which SAVR has been proven to work. There was substantial heterogeneity in patients’ preferences. This was partly explained by age, with differences in preference observed between patients <60 years to those ≥60 years. A Monte Carlo Simulation found that 75.1% of patients prefer TAVR. Conclusions: Most AS patients are willing to tolerate sizable increases in clinical risk in exchange for the benefits of TAVR, resulting in a large proportion of patients preferring TAVR to SAVR. Further work should be undertaken to characterize the heterogeneity in preferences for AS treatment attributes. Shared decision-making tools based on attributes important to patients can support patients’ selection of the procedure that best meets their needs.

Patient-centered benefit-risk analysis of transcatheter aortic valve replacement

Background: Aortic stenosis (AS) treatments include surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Choosing between SAVR and TAVR requires patients to trade-off benefits and risks. The objective of this research was to determine which TAVR and SAVR outcomes patients consider important, collect quantitative data about how patients weigh benefits and risks, and evaluate patients’ preferences for SAVR or TAVR. Methods: Patients were recruited from advocacy organization databases. Patients self-reported as being diagnosed with AS, and as either having received AS treatment or as experiencing AS-related physical activity limitations. An online adapted swing weighting (ASW) method – a pairwise comparison of attributes – was used to elicit attribute tradeoffs from 93 patients. Survey data were used to estimate patients’ weights for AS treatment attributes, which were incorporated into a quantitative benefit-risk analysis (BRA) to evaluate patients’ preferences for TAVR and SAVR. Results: On average, patients put greater value on attributes that favored TAVR than SAVR. Patients’ valuation of the lower mortality rate, reduced procedural invasiveness, and quicker time to return to normal quality of life associated with TAVR, offset their valuation ofthe time over which SAVR has been proven to work. There was substantial heterogeneity in patients’ preferences. This was partly explained by age, with differences in preference observed between patients <60 years to those ≥60 years. A Monte Carlo Simulation found that 75.1% of patients prefer TAVR. Conclusions: Most AS patients are willing to tolerate sizable increases in clinical risk in exchange for the benefits of TAVR, resulting in a large proportion of patients preferring TAVR to SAVR. Further work should be undertaken to characterize the heterogeneity in preferences for AS treatment attributes. Shared decision-making tools based on attributes important to patients can support patients’ selection of the procedure that best meets their needs.

Islamsat: A Technologically Advanced System For Efficient Charting Of Natural Resources

The landmasses encompassing the Muslim World have vast resources contained in every conceivable type of terrain, from forested mountains toplains and deserts. These landmasses enclose such valuable resources as fertilesoil and minerals and oil. Islamic countries also encompass numerous water bodies of lakes and rivers. However, except in a few cases, most of these resources have not been efficiently utilized.The scarcity or lack of basic data have hampered the effective utilization of these resources. First and foremost, accurate topographic maps and detailed photographs are required to survey, assess and develop these resources. Conventional methods ofphoto acquisition and map making are no longer viable because ofthe time and expense they require to do the job.In the meantime, space-age techniques offer new ways to reduce the time,cost and expertise that are required for the efficient charting of natural resources.It is here proposed that Islamic countries join together to initiate a plan to launch a resourcesurvey satellite withinfive years. The satellite here namedIslamsat is to obtain high resolution, stereo, mapping quality photographsfrom space. The most suitable photographic systems for such a satellite are:(I) a high resolution panoramic camera; (2) a topographic quality mapping camera; and (3) a six-lens multispectral camera. Such a complement of photographic systems can either be mounted on the Space Shuttle cargo bay or launched by the Shuttle as afree-flying satellite, withfilm return capability.The use of such technologically advanced methods and techniques assures the acquisition of the necessary data for development of the resources of Islamic countries in a timely and cost-effective manner.

Time-dependent results in storage theory

The probability theory of storage systems formulated by P. A. P. Moran in 1954 has now developed into an active branch of applied probability. An excellent account of the theory, describing results obtained up to 1958 is contained in Moran's (1959) monograph, Considerable progress has since been made in several directions-the study ofthe time-dependent behaviour ofstochastic processes underlying Moran's original model, modifications of this model, as well as the formulation and solution of new models. The aim of this paper is to give an expository account of these developments; a comprehensive treatment will be found in the author's forthcoming book [Prabhu (1964)].

Time-dependent results in storage theory

The probability theory of storage systems formulated by P. A. P. Moran in 1954 has now developed into an active branch of applied probability. An excellent account of the theory, describing results obtained up to 1958 is contained in Moran's (1959) monograph, Considerable progress has since been made in several directions-the study ofthe time-dependent behaviour ofstochastic processes underlying Moran's original model, modifications of this model, as well as the formulation and solution of new models. The aim of this paper is to give an expository account of these developments; a comprehensive treatment will be found in the author's forthcoming book [Prabhu (1964)].