Repetition Blindness and Retrieval-Time Effects of Full- vs. Partial-Report Following the Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) of Letters in Words

Although commonly accepted as an encoding/representational/perceptual phenomenon, repeti- tion deficits (“repetition blindness”) in Rapid Serial Visual Presentation (RSVP) can be shown to be markedly influenced by retrieval-time tasks independently of item encoding. We demonstrate such influences in a series of within-participant experiments where retrieval conditions are un- predictably varied after items have been experienced. Repetition deficits are demonstrated when full report of the presented item is required and in partial-report conditions where the repeated letter is included in the retrieval cue but not in partial-report conditions where the repeated letter is not included in the retrieval cue. Such effects are not expected if repetition deficits in RSVP are thought to be principally a function of the encoding/representation/perception of the trial experience.

Improving sentiment scoring mechanism: a case study on airline services

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of including letter repetition commonly found within social media text and its impact in determining the sentiment scores for two major airlines in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach A Sentiment Intensity Calculator (SentI-Cal) was developed by assigning individual weights to each letter repetition, and tested it using data collected from official Facebook pages of the airlines. Findings Evaluation metrics indicate that SentI-Cal outperforms the baseline tool Semantic Orientation Calculator (SO-CAL), with an accuracy of 90.7 percent compared to 58.33 percent for SO-CAL. Practical implications A more accurate sentiment score allows airline services to easily obtain a better understanding of the sentiments of their customers, hence providing opportunities in improving their airline services. Originality/value Proposed mechanism calculates sentiment intensity of social media text by assigning individual weightage to each repeated letter and exclamation mark thus producing a more accurate sentiment score.

Effect of Non-Recognized Repetition in a Study of Directed Forgetting

In a previous directed-forgetting experiment using a paired-associate probe technique, occasional paired associates which 11 female and 7 male undergraduates had been instructed to forget were repeated in the set which was to be remembered. The results suggested that subjects were aware of that repetition and concentrated their rehearsal capacity on those items, to the detriment of non-repeated ones. The present experiment was an analogue of the earlier one but utilized CCC trigrams rather than paired associates, and the data were scored as for free recall of three unrelated letters. It was reasoned that the repetition of a letter from one CCC to the next would not be recognized by subjects as repetitions. The results showed that, when a letter in a trigram the subject had been instructed to forget was repeated, it was recalled no better than were non-repeated letters. When a letter was repeated in a condition in which there was no instruction to forget, however, recall of the repeated letter improved. It was argued that in this experiment, the instruction to forget caused the repeated letter to be functionally differentiated in two trigrams, and earlier rehearsal did not benefit its retention. When there was no instruction to forget, the repeated letter was functionally identical in both trigrams, and the extra rehearsal improved its level of recall.