Dynamical Analysis of an SE2IR Information Propagation Model in Social Networks

Due to the inequality of users’ (nodes’) status and the influence of external forces in the progress of the information propagation in a social network, the infected nodes hold different levels of propagation capacity. For this reason, the infected nodes are classified into two categories: the high influential infected nodes and the ordinary influential infected nodes which separately account for 20% and 80% by Pareto’s principle. By borrowing the SEIR epidemic model, this paper proposes an SE2IR information propagation model. Meanwhile, the global asymptotical stabilities of the spread-free equilibrium point and local spread equilibrium point are proved for this model. This paper also puts forward a series of information control strategies including perceived values of users, social reinforcement intensity, and information timeliness in the social network. Through simulation experiments without or with control strategies on a real company e-mail network dataset, this paper verifies the stability and correctness of the model and the feasibility and effectiveness of the control strategies in the information propagation process, presenting that the model is closer to the real process of the information propagation in the social network.

INFLUENCE OF THE PILE STIFFNESS ON THE GROUND SLAB BEHAVIOUR

Just as other structural elements, ground slabs are an important unit of a building. It is especially true in the case of buildings, such as logistic centres, for which the primary purpose is storage of various goods. In this kind of buildings, floor slabs usually have high loads. For buildings where truck lifts are used, there are special requirements for flatness tolerance across and along the driving track of truck lifts. Therefore, the floor settlement differences in selected distances are limited. In localities where the soils under the floor slab are weak, they should be replaced or compacted. If these solutions are not possible or economically inappropriate, the slabs have to be supported on piles that must be based on strong deep soils. During the design process, it is very important to assign a proper value of rigidity of the piles. Pile stiffness has an enormous influence on the settlement of the slab as well as on the reinforcement intensity of the slab or even on the slab thickness. This paper presents the methodology for the evaluation of pile stiffness. In addition, it provides recommendations for the calculation of the floor slab on the piles. Calculations and obtained results confirmed the importance of certain design stages.

RETARDING THE ESCALATION OF AGGRESSION

Three experiments examined the inhibition of escalation of aggression. Subjects either punished incorrect or rewarded correct responses made by a confederate on a learning task. In Experiment 1, some subjects were interrupted midway through the learning trials, and some of the interrupted subjects coded their responses up to that point. The interruption and coding had no effect on escalation of reinforcement intensity over trials. In Experiment 2, half the subjects were individuated and half were de-individuated. Hall of each group expected to meet the “victim” following the trials and half did not. Neither variable impeded escalation. In Experiment 3, half the subjects were provided with a “hot-line” that could be used to summon the experimenter. Some subjects were also videotaped during the experiment. The presence of the hot-line reduced the overall intensity of aggression relative to the no hot-line group.